CRITICAL CARE AIR METHODS TEST /AIR
METHODS CC PARAMEDIC/ CRITICAL CARE
RESPIRATORY / AIR METHODS CRITICAL
CARE REVIEW | FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Five rules of ABG interpretation - ANSWER-1. Evaluate the pH is it normal?
Two. Evaluate the PCO2. Is it acute or chronic for respiratory disorder?
Three. Evaluate the HCO3 and calculate the anion gap for metabolic disorder or
delta gap. Check if metabolic acidosis is present.
Four. Identify the primary disorder.
Five determine if compensation is present in the degree of compensation using
winter's formula. Is there more than one disorder?
Anion gap formula, and normal values - ANSWER-AG = NA -(Cl + HCO3).
Normal range 12 +/- 4. Abnormal >16
ABG normal ranges - ANSWER-pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2: 35 -45
HCO3 (bicarb): 22 - 26
pO2.: 80-100
Anion gap metabolic acidosis causes - ANSWER-MUDPILERS
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron, Isoniazide
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Rhabdo
Salicylates (late)
Non-anion metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-Hyperalimentation
,Acetozolamide
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
Diarrhea
Rectosigmoidostomy
pancreatic fluid
Spironolactone
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER-low pH, high CO2, high HCO3
Respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER-high pH, low CO2, low HCO3
Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-low pH, low HCO3, low PaCO2
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-high pH, high HCO3, high PaCO2
Winter's formula - ANSWER-PCO2 = (HCO3 x 1.5) + 8 ± 2
Normal Lab Values
1. K
2. Na
3. Cl
4. Cal
5. Metabolic acidosis elevates? - ANSWER-1. 3.5-5.5
2. 135-145
3. 95-105
4. 8.5-10.5
5. Potassium
Drug for G.I. bleed - ANSWER-Sandosatin( octreotide)
Drug for a beta blocker overdose - ANSWER-glucagon
Drug for cyclic, antidepressant overdose - ANSWER-Sodium bicarb
Mannitol does - ANSWER-1-2 g per kilogram
Ativan (lorazepam) dose - ANSWER-1 to 2 mg, Max 4 mg
,Induction agent of choice for bronco, spastic patience - ANSWER-Ketamine
Blood loss for femur versus humorous - ANSWER-Humerus is 750 mL, femur is
1500 mL
Ventilator, to change CO2 - ANSWER-Adjust rate, TV
Ventilator change, oxidation - ANSWER-Adjust peep, PAP
Parkland formula - ANSWER-4ml x kg x tbsa, and first half within the first 8
hours then the rest over the next 16
AIR METHODS CC Paramedic
ABG - PH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45 mm HG
ABG - PaCO2 range - ANSWER-35-45 mm HG
ABG - PA02 - ANSWER-80-100mm HG
ABG - BE - ANSWER--2 - 3 MeQ/L
CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal Value:
14-17.5 G /DL
CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-
High value = smoking?
Low value = anemia or blood loss?
CBC: Hematocrit - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal value = 41-50%
CBC: Hematocrit - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-High value
= dehydrated?
Low value = anemia or blood loss?
, CBC: WBC - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal value = 4500-11000
CBC: WBC - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-High value =
infection, anemia, steroid use
Low value = viral infection or immunodeficiency
CBC: RBC - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal value = 3.9-5.5
million mm3
CBC: RBC - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-High value =
polycythemia or high altitude
Low value = cancer or bone marrow suppression
Coags: PT - what does it measure & how long? - ANSWER-Coumadin
anticoagulation
10-13 second
Coags: PT - what do high values indicate? - ANSWER-High values can indicate
liver cirrhosis, vitamin K deficiency or DIC
Coags: INR - ANSWER-International normalized ratio. Normal INR = 1.0.
Coags: aPTT - what does it measure & how long? - ANSWER-Measures Heparin
25-40 second
OB: What are some physiological changes which occur in pregnancy? -
ANSWER--Blood volume increases 40%
-Plasma increases, showing false anemia on labs
-BP decreases in 2nd trimester, but returns to normal
-Cardiac output increases, up to 50%
-HR increases 10-15 bpm
-SBP increases
-Body becomes more insulin resistant
-Uterus enlarges 20x
OB: Physical assessment of pregnant patient - ANSWER-Palpate / Check vitals /
Check FHT / Ask GP-PAL
METHODS CC PARAMEDIC/ CRITICAL CARE
RESPIRATORY / AIR METHODS CRITICAL
CARE REVIEW | FLIGHT PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Five rules of ABG interpretation - ANSWER-1. Evaluate the pH is it normal?
Two. Evaluate the PCO2. Is it acute or chronic for respiratory disorder?
Three. Evaluate the HCO3 and calculate the anion gap for metabolic disorder or
delta gap. Check if metabolic acidosis is present.
Four. Identify the primary disorder.
Five determine if compensation is present in the degree of compensation using
winter's formula. Is there more than one disorder?
Anion gap formula, and normal values - ANSWER-AG = NA -(Cl + HCO3).
Normal range 12 +/- 4. Abnormal >16
ABG normal ranges - ANSWER-pH: 7.35 - 7.45
PaCO2: 35 -45
HCO3 (bicarb): 22 - 26
pO2.: 80-100
Anion gap metabolic acidosis causes - ANSWER-MUDPILERS
Methanol
Uremia
DKA
Propylene glycol
Iron, Isoniazide
Lactic acidosis
Ethylene glycol (antifreeze)
Rhabdo
Salicylates (late)
Non-anion metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-Hyperalimentation
,Acetozolamide
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
Diarrhea
Rectosigmoidostomy
pancreatic fluid
Spironolactone
Respiratory acidosis - ANSWER-low pH, high CO2, high HCO3
Respiratory alkalosis - ANSWER-high pH, low CO2, low HCO3
Metabolic acidosis - ANSWER-low pH, low HCO3, low PaCO2
Metabolic alkalosis - ANSWER-high pH, high HCO3, high PaCO2
Winter's formula - ANSWER-PCO2 = (HCO3 x 1.5) + 8 ± 2
Normal Lab Values
1. K
2. Na
3. Cl
4. Cal
5. Metabolic acidosis elevates? - ANSWER-1. 3.5-5.5
2. 135-145
3. 95-105
4. 8.5-10.5
5. Potassium
Drug for G.I. bleed - ANSWER-Sandosatin( octreotide)
Drug for a beta blocker overdose - ANSWER-glucagon
Drug for cyclic, antidepressant overdose - ANSWER-Sodium bicarb
Mannitol does - ANSWER-1-2 g per kilogram
Ativan (lorazepam) dose - ANSWER-1 to 2 mg, Max 4 mg
,Induction agent of choice for bronco, spastic patience - ANSWER-Ketamine
Blood loss for femur versus humorous - ANSWER-Humerus is 750 mL, femur is
1500 mL
Ventilator, to change CO2 - ANSWER-Adjust rate, TV
Ventilator change, oxidation - ANSWER-Adjust peep, PAP
Parkland formula - ANSWER-4ml x kg x tbsa, and first half within the first 8
hours then the rest over the next 16
AIR METHODS CC Paramedic
ABG - PH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45 mm HG
ABG - PaCO2 range - ANSWER-35-45 mm HG
ABG - PA02 - ANSWER-80-100mm HG
ABG - BE - ANSWER--2 - 3 MeQ/L
CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal Value:
14-17.5 G /DL
CBC: Hemoglobin (Hgb) - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-
High value = smoking?
Low value = anemia or blood loss?
CBC: Hematocrit - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal value = 41-50%
CBC: Hematocrit - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-High value
= dehydrated?
Low value = anemia or blood loss?
, CBC: WBC - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal value = 4500-11000
CBC: WBC - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-High value =
infection, anemia, steroid use
Low value = viral infection or immunodeficiency
CBC: RBC - what is the normal range? - ANSWER-Normal value = 3.9-5.5
million mm3
CBC: RBC - what do high and low values indicate? - ANSWER-High value =
polycythemia or high altitude
Low value = cancer or bone marrow suppression
Coags: PT - what does it measure & how long? - ANSWER-Coumadin
anticoagulation
10-13 second
Coags: PT - what do high values indicate? - ANSWER-High values can indicate
liver cirrhosis, vitamin K deficiency or DIC
Coags: INR - ANSWER-International normalized ratio. Normal INR = 1.0.
Coags: aPTT - what does it measure & how long? - ANSWER-Measures Heparin
25-40 second
OB: What are some physiological changes which occur in pregnancy? -
ANSWER--Blood volume increases 40%
-Plasma increases, showing false anemia on labs
-BP decreases in 2nd trimester, but returns to normal
-Cardiac output increases, up to 50%
-HR increases 10-15 bpm
-SBP increases
-Body becomes more insulin resistant
-Uterus enlarges 20x
OB: Physical assessment of pregnant patient - ANSWER-Palpate / Check vitals /
Check FHT / Ask GP-PAL
