ESS 101 Final Exam
with correct questions
and answers
usr
[COMPANY NAME] [Company address]
, 1. weathering Answer: the chemical alteration and physical breakdown of rock material during
exposure to the air, moisture, and organic matter.
2. mechanical weathering Answer: development of joints, crystal growth(salts), frost-
wedging/freeze-thaw, heat (spalling and thermal expansion/contraction), bioturbation (root
penetration and enlarging joint fractures in rock)
3. chemical weathering Answer: carbonation, hydrolisis, oxidation, dissolution
4. weathering effects on rocks Answer: concentration of stable minerals, weathering rinds,
spheroidal weather-
ing
5. weathering factors Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time
6. soil formation Answer: eluviation (removal), illuviation (accumulation), translocation (movement of
material through
soil profile), transformation (chemical alteration of minerals within soil profile in situ)
7. factors of soil formation Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time (CLORTP)
8. SOIL Answer: O Answer: loose organic matter
A Answer: Inorganic matter w/humus; constantly
cycling; topsoil E Answer: eluviated horizon,
little/no organic matter
B Answer: zone of illuviation containing materials from zone of
accumulation (E) C Answer: weathered parent material, little to
no organic matter
9. wk Answer: w Answer: accumulation of iron oxide
k Answer: calcium carbonate
10. sedimentary rock formation Answer: accumulation, compaction, cementation
11. cementing agents Answer: Silica, Fe-oxide, Calcite, Clays, and Tar
12. clastic sedimentary rocks Answer: accumulated particles of broken rock or skeletal
remains of dead organ-
isms.
conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone (shale)
13. chemical sedimentary rocks Answer: formed by precipitation of minerals
from solution in water. limestone, dolostone, rock salt
14. diagenesis Answer: refers to changes that attect sediment after
its initial deposition. compaction, cementation, recrystalization, oxidation,
2/
6
with correct questions
and answers
usr
[COMPANY NAME] [Company address]
, 1. weathering Answer: the chemical alteration and physical breakdown of rock material during
exposure to the air, moisture, and organic matter.
2. mechanical weathering Answer: development of joints, crystal growth(salts), frost-
wedging/freeze-thaw, heat (spalling and thermal expansion/contraction), bioturbation (root
penetration and enlarging joint fractures in rock)
3. chemical weathering Answer: carbonation, hydrolisis, oxidation, dissolution
4. weathering effects on rocks Answer: concentration of stable minerals, weathering rinds,
spheroidal weather-
ing
5. weathering factors Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time
6. soil formation Answer: eluviation (removal), illuviation (accumulation), translocation (movement of
material through
soil profile), transformation (chemical alteration of minerals within soil profile in situ)
7. factors of soil formation Answer: climate, organisms, relief, parent material, time (CLORTP)
8. SOIL Answer: O Answer: loose organic matter
A Answer: Inorganic matter w/humus; constantly
cycling; topsoil E Answer: eluviated horizon,
little/no organic matter
B Answer: zone of illuviation containing materials from zone of
accumulation (E) C Answer: weathered parent material, little to
no organic matter
9. wk Answer: w Answer: accumulation of iron oxide
k Answer: calcium carbonate
10. sedimentary rock formation Answer: accumulation, compaction, cementation
11. cementing agents Answer: Silica, Fe-oxide, Calcite, Clays, and Tar
12. clastic sedimentary rocks Answer: accumulated particles of broken rock or skeletal
remains of dead organ-
isms.
conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, mudstone (shale)
13. chemical sedimentary rocks Answer: formed by precipitation of minerals
from solution in water. limestone, dolostone, rock salt
14. diagenesis Answer: refers to changes that attect sediment after
its initial deposition. compaction, cementation, recrystalization, oxidation,
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