NUR1212C Mod 5
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Urinalysis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔*Normal:*
Clear, yellow, pH 4.6-8 (average 6), SG: 1.002-1.030;
- No glucose, ketones, RBCs, WBCs, or significant proteins.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Specific Gravity - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔*Abnormal:*
↑ SG: Concentrated urine (dehydration, SIADH, heart failure).
↓ SG: Diluted urine (excess fluids, diuretics, Diabetes Insipidus).
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔*Normal:* 10-20 mg/dL.
,*Abnormal:*
↑ Levels: Kidney/liver issues, dehydration, high protein intake.
↓ Levels: Malnutrition, fluid overload, liver damage.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Proteinuria - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Persistent protein in urine indicates early kidney damage.
Urine Findings:
*RBCs:* Bleeding in the urinary system.
*WBCs:* Infection (pyuria).
*Glucose:* Hyperglycemia or kidney threshold issue.
*Ketones:* Diabetic ketoacidosis or fasting.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Serum Clearance - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔*Significance*: Marker for kidney dysfunction like AKI or reduced GFR
AKI indicated if there's an increase in serum creatinine by ≥0.3 mg/dL
within 48 hours
, Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Creatinine Clearance - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Test: 24-hour urine collection.
*Abnormal:*
↑ Levels: Exercise, high-protein diets.
↓ Levels: Kidney disease, reduced function.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔*Normal:* 80-125 mL/min (decreases with age).
*Abnormal:*
↑ GFR: Increased blood volume/pressure.
↓ GFR: Chronic kidney disease, reduced kidney function.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Urination Patterns - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔*Normal Output: 1500 mL to 2 L/day in adults.*
Common Issues:
Incontinence: Involuntary bladder emptying.
Urgency: Sudden, strong urge to void.
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Urinalysis - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔*Normal:*
Clear, yellow, pH 4.6-8 (average 6), SG: 1.002-1.030;
- No glucose, ketones, RBCs, WBCs, or significant proteins.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Specific Gravity - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔*Abnormal:*
↑ SG: Concentrated urine (dehydration, SIADH, heart failure).
↓ SG: Diluted urine (excess fluids, diuretics, Diabetes Insipidus).
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔*Normal:* 10-20 mg/dL.
,*Abnormal:*
↑ Levels: Kidney/liver issues, dehydration, high protein intake.
↓ Levels: Malnutrition, fluid overload, liver damage.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Proteinuria - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Persistent protein in urine indicates early kidney damage.
Urine Findings:
*RBCs:* Bleeding in the urinary system.
*WBCs:* Infection (pyuria).
*Glucose:* Hyperglycemia or kidney threshold issue.
*Ketones:* Diabetic ketoacidosis or fasting.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Serum Clearance - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔*Significance*: Marker for kidney dysfunction like AKI or reduced GFR
AKI indicated if there's an increase in serum creatinine by ≥0.3 mg/dL
within 48 hours
, Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Creatinine Clearance - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔Test: 24-hour urine collection.
*Abnormal:*
↑ Levels: Exercise, high-protein diets.
↓ Levels: Kidney disease, reduced function.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) -
🧠ANSWER ✔✔*Normal:* 80-125 mL/min (decreases with age).
*Abnormal:*
↑ GFR: Increased blood volume/pressure.
↓ GFR: Chronic kidney disease, reduced kidney function.
Diagnostic Tests for Kidney Function: Urination Patterns - 🧠ANSWER
✔✔*Normal Output: 1500 mL to 2 L/day in adults.*
Common Issues:
Incontinence: Involuntary bladder emptying.
Urgency: Sudden, strong urge to void.
3
COPYRIGHT©JOSHCLAY 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
