HESI RN Exit Exam 3 Review – Exam Prep &
Solutions | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
Which information is most accurate for the nurse to use when calculating safe drug
dosages for a child?
A. Age.
B. Height.
C. Weight.
D. Body surface area. - correct answerD. Body surface area.
The most accurate method of calculating pediatric doses is based on a child's body
surface area (BSA). Drug calculations are not consistently precise when made on the
basis of a child's age since children vary widely in size and maturity for chronologic age.
Although the calculation of a child's BSA utilizes a child's height and weight, height and
weight alone do not correlate with the distribution or metabolism of a drug due to the
variance in each child's growth and development.
To avoid a false positive result for fecal occult blood in a stool specimen, the nurse
should instruct the client to avoid ingestion of which substances prior to collecting a
sample? (Select all that apply.)
Fish.
Beef.
Vitamin C tablets.
Turkey.
Ibuprofen.
Coffee. - correct answerBeef.
Vitamin C tablets.
Ibuprofen
The fecal occult blood test, or guaiac test, measures microscopic amounts of blood in
the feces. False positive results can occur from food products such as beef and other
red meats, green vegetables, vitamin C supplements, aspirin, and nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory medications, including ibuprofen.
In which order should the nurse implement these actions when withdrawing a solution
from an ampule? (Arrange from first on top to last on the bottom.) - correct
answer1.Flick the stem several times with a finger.
2.Wrap the neck with a protective device.
3.Break the neck by pressing thumbs outward.
4.Stabilize ampule on a firm surface.
5.Withdraw the solution using a filter needle.
,Flicking the stem ensures all medication is in the bottom of the ampule. Wrapping the
neck with a protective device (such as a small gauze pad or alcohol prep pad) protects
fingers from trauma as the glass tip is broken off. Snapping the neck of the ampule
quickly and outwards minimizes the nurse's risk of injury from shattering glass.
Stabilizing the ampule assists in maintaining sterility as the needle is placed to withdraw
the solution. Withdrawing the solution with a filter needle protects against aspirating
microscopic glass into the syringe.
Which action by the nurse-manager demonstrates an effective leadership style?
A. Directs a staff nurse to modify communication skills.
B. Implements behavior changes through the annual evaluation process.
C. Uses the group process to determine behaviors that distress the staff.
D. Fosters positive behavior changes in staff members. - correct answerD. Fosters
positive behavior changes in staff members.
Democratic leadership styles allow group members to participate in change, and to
effectively lead members in the change process, positive behavior changes in staff
members should be fostered and supported.
What clinical problem is suitable for research utilization in nursing?
A. Computerized client billing.
B. Patient-controlled analgesia.
C. Medication errors associated with incorrect dispensing.
D. The value of calcium channel blockers use over ACE inhibitors. - correct answerB.
Patient-controlled analgesia.
An intervention that is designed in the planning phase of research utilization must be
consistent with the theory. For example, Orem's theory of self-care requisites use for
nursing practice, a successful intervention, is one that emphasizes self-care rather than
care received from others.
The parents of a 5-year-old are concerned because their child showed more outward
grief when a pet died than when a sibling died from sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS). What response should the nurse provide?
A. The child should be old enough to have the concept of death as final and irreversible.
B. The child's behavior suggests maladaptive coping and referral for counseling is
needed.
C. Preschool children can distance themselves from tremendous loss because they are
not at a place to understand the finality of death.
D. The child is not old enough to have formed a significant attachment to the infant
sibling. - correct answerC. Preschool children can distance themselves from
tremendous loss because they are not at a place to understand the finality of death.
,Because they have fewer defense mechanisms to deal with loss, young children may
react to a less significant loss with more outward grief than to the loss of a very
significant person. The loss is so deep, painful, and threatening that the child must deny
it for a time to survive its overwhelming impact.
What description encompasses the role in client care management played by nursing
informatics?
A. The input and retrieval of electronic data about a client's medical history.
B. The specialty of hospital nursing management of computerized client care.
C. A computer system design to analyze client health data during hospitalization.
D. The processing of electronic nursing data that is used to support nursing practice and
knowledge. - correct answerA. The input and retrieval of electronic data about a client's
medical history.
Nursing informatics encompasses activities that involve identifying, naming, organizing,
grouping, collecting, processing, analyzing, storing, retrieving, or managing data and
information about a client's medical history and care.
The nurse is assessing a child of Asian descent who arrives in the clinic with an upper
respiratory infection and identifies a 5-inch, circular ecchymosis on the child's forehead
and back. What factor should the nurse consider as the most likely cause of this
finding?
A. The child fell at school.
B. Pinching to relieve headaches.
C. Infectious rash.
D. Cupping to remove infectious toxins. - correct answerD. Cupping to remove
infectious toxins.
A common practice used in Eastern medicine is cupping, which is a dermal practice that
involves placing a heated cup on the skin to draw infectious toxicity into the cup as it
cools and contracts, which can leave bruises or welts at the site of the treatment.
A client is comatose upon arrival to the emergency department after falling from a roof.
The client flexes with painful stimuli, and the nurse determines the client's Glasgow
Coma Scale (GCS) is 6. Which intervention should the nurse prepare to implement to
maintain the client's airway?
A. Tracheostomy tube insertion.
B. An endotracheal tube.
C. A nasopharyngeal tube.
D. An oral airway. - correct answerC. A nasopharyngeal tube.
, If head and neck injuries are suspected, a client with a GCS of 6 who demonstrates
motor flexion in response to painful stimuli requires airway maintenance without risk of
compromise to spinal cord function. Nasal intubation using a nasopharyngeal tube is the
airway of choice for a client with suspected spinal cord injury because less cervical
spine manipulation is needed during insertion, as compared with endotracheal
intubation.
Which intervention(s) should the nurse use when interacting with a client with
Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply).
Adhere to strict time limits for activities.
Give all instructions at the start of the activity.
Encourage verbal and nonverbal communication.
Speak to the client in a loud and clear voice.
Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions. - correct answerEncourage verbal
and nonverbal communication.
Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions.
Alzheimer's causes the client to experience cognitive deficits and memory impairment,
so frequent communication and a calm affect should be maintained with the client.
A client is receiving an opioid analgesic every 2 hours for intractable pain. Which
pathophysiological consequence should the nurse identify if the client receives the
medication at regular intervals?
A. Metabolic acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis. - correct answerC. Respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis results from the retention of CO2 secondary to hypoventilation due
to respiratory depression, which is an adverse effect of opiates.
Which fetal heart rate (FHR) finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider
immediately?
A. Late decelerations.
B. Early decelerations.
C. Accelerations with fetal movement.
D. Average FHR of 126 beats per minute. - correct answerA. Late decelerations.
Late decelerations are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency and result in fetal
hypoxemia, an ominous sign if persistent, and should be reported to the healthcare
provider immediately. Early decelerations in the FHR are associated with head
compression as the fetus descends into the maternal pelvic outlet and are common
Solutions | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
Which information is most accurate for the nurse to use when calculating safe drug
dosages for a child?
A. Age.
B. Height.
C. Weight.
D. Body surface area. - correct answerD. Body surface area.
The most accurate method of calculating pediatric doses is based on a child's body
surface area (BSA). Drug calculations are not consistently precise when made on the
basis of a child's age since children vary widely in size and maturity for chronologic age.
Although the calculation of a child's BSA utilizes a child's height and weight, height and
weight alone do not correlate with the distribution or metabolism of a drug due to the
variance in each child's growth and development.
To avoid a false positive result for fecal occult blood in a stool specimen, the nurse
should instruct the client to avoid ingestion of which substances prior to collecting a
sample? (Select all that apply.)
Fish.
Beef.
Vitamin C tablets.
Turkey.
Ibuprofen.
Coffee. - correct answerBeef.
Vitamin C tablets.
Ibuprofen
The fecal occult blood test, or guaiac test, measures microscopic amounts of blood in
the feces. False positive results can occur from food products such as beef and other
red meats, green vegetables, vitamin C supplements, aspirin, and nonsteroidal
antiinflammatory medications, including ibuprofen.
In which order should the nurse implement these actions when withdrawing a solution
from an ampule? (Arrange from first on top to last on the bottom.) - correct
answer1.Flick the stem several times with a finger.
2.Wrap the neck with a protective device.
3.Break the neck by pressing thumbs outward.
4.Stabilize ampule on a firm surface.
5.Withdraw the solution using a filter needle.
,Flicking the stem ensures all medication is in the bottom of the ampule. Wrapping the
neck with a protective device (such as a small gauze pad or alcohol prep pad) protects
fingers from trauma as the glass tip is broken off. Snapping the neck of the ampule
quickly and outwards minimizes the nurse's risk of injury from shattering glass.
Stabilizing the ampule assists in maintaining sterility as the needle is placed to withdraw
the solution. Withdrawing the solution with a filter needle protects against aspirating
microscopic glass into the syringe.
Which action by the nurse-manager demonstrates an effective leadership style?
A. Directs a staff nurse to modify communication skills.
B. Implements behavior changes through the annual evaluation process.
C. Uses the group process to determine behaviors that distress the staff.
D. Fosters positive behavior changes in staff members. - correct answerD. Fosters
positive behavior changes in staff members.
Democratic leadership styles allow group members to participate in change, and to
effectively lead members in the change process, positive behavior changes in staff
members should be fostered and supported.
What clinical problem is suitable for research utilization in nursing?
A. Computerized client billing.
B. Patient-controlled analgesia.
C. Medication errors associated with incorrect dispensing.
D. The value of calcium channel blockers use over ACE inhibitors. - correct answerB.
Patient-controlled analgesia.
An intervention that is designed in the planning phase of research utilization must be
consistent with the theory. For example, Orem's theory of self-care requisites use for
nursing practice, a successful intervention, is one that emphasizes self-care rather than
care received from others.
The parents of a 5-year-old are concerned because their child showed more outward
grief when a pet died than when a sibling died from sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS). What response should the nurse provide?
A. The child should be old enough to have the concept of death as final and irreversible.
B. The child's behavior suggests maladaptive coping and referral for counseling is
needed.
C. Preschool children can distance themselves from tremendous loss because they are
not at a place to understand the finality of death.
D. The child is not old enough to have formed a significant attachment to the infant
sibling. - correct answerC. Preschool children can distance themselves from
tremendous loss because they are not at a place to understand the finality of death.
,Because they have fewer defense mechanisms to deal with loss, young children may
react to a less significant loss with more outward grief than to the loss of a very
significant person. The loss is so deep, painful, and threatening that the child must deny
it for a time to survive its overwhelming impact.
What description encompasses the role in client care management played by nursing
informatics?
A. The input and retrieval of electronic data about a client's medical history.
B. The specialty of hospital nursing management of computerized client care.
C. A computer system design to analyze client health data during hospitalization.
D. The processing of electronic nursing data that is used to support nursing practice and
knowledge. - correct answerA. The input and retrieval of electronic data about a client's
medical history.
Nursing informatics encompasses activities that involve identifying, naming, organizing,
grouping, collecting, processing, analyzing, storing, retrieving, or managing data and
information about a client's medical history and care.
The nurse is assessing a child of Asian descent who arrives in the clinic with an upper
respiratory infection and identifies a 5-inch, circular ecchymosis on the child's forehead
and back. What factor should the nurse consider as the most likely cause of this
finding?
A. The child fell at school.
B. Pinching to relieve headaches.
C. Infectious rash.
D. Cupping to remove infectious toxins. - correct answerD. Cupping to remove
infectious toxins.
A common practice used in Eastern medicine is cupping, which is a dermal practice that
involves placing a heated cup on the skin to draw infectious toxicity into the cup as it
cools and contracts, which can leave bruises or welts at the site of the treatment.
A client is comatose upon arrival to the emergency department after falling from a roof.
The client flexes with painful stimuli, and the nurse determines the client's Glasgow
Coma Scale (GCS) is 6. Which intervention should the nurse prepare to implement to
maintain the client's airway?
A. Tracheostomy tube insertion.
B. An endotracheal tube.
C. A nasopharyngeal tube.
D. An oral airway. - correct answerC. A nasopharyngeal tube.
, If head and neck injuries are suspected, a client with a GCS of 6 who demonstrates
motor flexion in response to painful stimuli requires airway maintenance without risk of
compromise to spinal cord function. Nasal intubation using a nasopharyngeal tube is the
airway of choice for a client with suspected spinal cord injury because less cervical
spine manipulation is needed during insertion, as compared with endotracheal
intubation.
Which intervention(s) should the nurse use when interacting with a client with
Alzheimer's disease? (Select all that apply).
Adhere to strict time limits for activities.
Give all instructions at the start of the activity.
Encourage verbal and nonverbal communication.
Speak to the client in a loud and clear voice.
Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions. - correct answerEncourage verbal
and nonverbal communication.
Maintain a calm demeanor during all interactions.
Alzheimer's causes the client to experience cognitive deficits and memory impairment,
so frequent communication and a calm affect should be maintained with the client.
A client is receiving an opioid analgesic every 2 hours for intractable pain. Which
pathophysiological consequence should the nurse identify if the client receives the
medication at regular intervals?
A. Metabolic acidosis.
B. Metabolic alkalosis.
C. Respiratory acidosis.
D. Respiratory alkalosis. - correct answerC. Respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory acidosis results from the retention of CO2 secondary to hypoventilation due
to respiratory depression, which is an adverse effect of opiates.
Which fetal heart rate (FHR) finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider
immediately?
A. Late decelerations.
B. Early decelerations.
C. Accelerations with fetal movement.
D. Average FHR of 126 beats per minute. - correct answerA. Late decelerations.
Late decelerations are caused by uteroplacental insufficiency and result in fetal
hypoxemia, an ominous sign if persistent, and should be reported to the healthcare
provider immediately. Early decelerations in the FHR are associated with head
compression as the fetus descends into the maternal pelvic outlet and are common
