NUR2392 ACTUAL EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ Stomatitis. Answer: Inflammation of the oral mucosa, frequently due
to infection, medications, or autoimmune disease. May involve painful
ulcers.
◉ Oral candidiasis (thrush). Answer: A fungal infection from Candida
albicans that appears as creamy white plaques, leaving a red base when
wiped. Common in immunocompromised patients or after antibiotic use.
◉ Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Answer: Chronic
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing mucosal injury.
- causes: weak or incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES),
increased intra-abdominal pressure, hiatal hernia, and smoking and high-
fat diets.
- S/S: pyrosis (heartburn), regurgitation, dysphagia, chronic cough or
hoarseness.
◉ Esophageal Cancer. Answer: Cancer of the esophagus.
- risk factors: smoking, alcohol, chronic GERD (especially Barrett's
esophagus), obesity.
,- S/S: dysphagia, weight loss, persistent cough.
◉ Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Answer: Open sores in the mucosa of the
stomach or duodenum; caused by disruption of mucosal defense,
allowing acid and pepsin to erode the epithelium.
- causes: H. pylori infection, chronic NSAID use, stress-related mucosal
damage.
- two types: gastric and duodenal ulcers.
◉ Gastric Ulcers. Answer: Ulcers that form in the stomach lining; pain
worsened with food.
◉ Duodenal Ulcers. Answer: Ulcers that form in the duodenum; pain
relieved with food.
◉ Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Answer: Squamous cell
carcinomas of the oral and oropharyngeal cavities.
- risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, HPV.
- S/S: non-healing mouth sores, dysphagia, weight loss.
◉ Gastric Cancer. Answer: Cancer of the stomach often diagnosed late.
- causes: H. pylori infection, smoking, pernicious anemia, diets high in
salted/smoked foods.
- S/S: early satiety, weight loss, epigastric pain, fatigue.
, ◉ Malnutrition. Answer: Lack of proper nutrition.
- causes: inadequate intake, malabsorption, chronic illness.
- S/S: muscular atrophy, weight loss, dry skin, brittle nails.
◉ Obesity. Answer: BMI >30.
◉ Modifiable Risk Factors. Answer: Behaviors or exposures that can be
changed through education, lifestyle change, or medical intervention.
◉ Non-Modifiable Risk Factors. Answer: Risk factors that cannot be
changed but guide clinical vigilance and patient education.
◉ Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Answer: Direct visualization of
the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a flexible scope.
- Indications: Persistent heartburn, dysphagia, nausea, unexplained
weight loss, suspected ulcer or tumor.
◉ Biopsy (during EGD). Answer: Procedure performed to obtain tissue
samples for histologic evaluation.
- Indications: To confirm H. pylori infection, diagnose Barrett's
esophagus, or detect cancer or celiac disease.
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ Stomatitis. Answer: Inflammation of the oral mucosa, frequently due
to infection, medications, or autoimmune disease. May involve painful
ulcers.
◉ Oral candidiasis (thrush). Answer: A fungal infection from Candida
albicans that appears as creamy white plaques, leaving a red base when
wiped. Common in immunocompromised patients or after antibiotic use.
◉ Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Answer: Chronic
backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus, causing mucosal injury.
- causes: weak or incompetent lower esophageal sphincter (LES),
increased intra-abdominal pressure, hiatal hernia, and smoking and high-
fat diets.
- S/S: pyrosis (heartburn), regurgitation, dysphagia, chronic cough or
hoarseness.
◉ Esophageal Cancer. Answer: Cancer of the esophagus.
- risk factors: smoking, alcohol, chronic GERD (especially Barrett's
esophagus), obesity.
,- S/S: dysphagia, weight loss, persistent cough.
◉ Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). Answer: Open sores in the mucosa of the
stomach or duodenum; caused by disruption of mucosal defense,
allowing acid and pepsin to erode the epithelium.
- causes: H. pylori infection, chronic NSAID use, stress-related mucosal
damage.
- two types: gastric and duodenal ulcers.
◉ Gastric Ulcers. Answer: Ulcers that form in the stomach lining; pain
worsened with food.
◉ Duodenal Ulcers. Answer: Ulcers that form in the duodenum; pain
relieved with food.
◉ Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers. Answer: Squamous cell
carcinomas of the oral and oropharyngeal cavities.
- risk factors: tobacco, alcohol, HPV.
- S/S: non-healing mouth sores, dysphagia, weight loss.
◉ Gastric Cancer. Answer: Cancer of the stomach often diagnosed late.
- causes: H. pylori infection, smoking, pernicious anemia, diets high in
salted/smoked foods.
- S/S: early satiety, weight loss, epigastric pain, fatigue.
, ◉ Malnutrition. Answer: Lack of proper nutrition.
- causes: inadequate intake, malabsorption, chronic illness.
- S/S: muscular atrophy, weight loss, dry skin, brittle nails.
◉ Obesity. Answer: BMI >30.
◉ Modifiable Risk Factors. Answer: Behaviors or exposures that can be
changed through education, lifestyle change, or medical intervention.
◉ Non-Modifiable Risk Factors. Answer: Risk factors that cannot be
changed but guide clinical vigilance and patient education.
◉ Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Answer: Direct visualization of
the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum using a flexible scope.
- Indications: Persistent heartburn, dysphagia, nausea, unexplained
weight loss, suspected ulcer or tumor.
◉ Biopsy (during EGD). Answer: Procedure performed to obtain tissue
samples for histologic evaluation.
- Indications: To confirm H. pylori infection, diagnose Barrett's
esophagus, or detect cancer or celiac disease.
