BIOS 251 Exam 1 Study Guide: Anatomy and
Chemistry
pH - Answer-: -The measure of proton (H+) concentration in a solution.
pH scale - Answer-: -Used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution
pH values - Answer-: -Fall between 0 and 14.
Neutral pH - Answer-: -A pH of 7
Buffer solution - Answer-: -Resists large pH changes when an acid or base is added
to the solution.
Organic Chemistry - Answer-: -Study of carbon-based structures
Carbon - Answer-: -Atom most vital for life, it has 4 unpaired valence electrons
(available for bonding). This allows each Carbon to make 4 bonds.
,Functional Groups - Answer-: -Structures that give a particular compound certain
properties and dictate what reactions the molecule can participate in.
Biomolecules - Answer-: -Numerous substances that are produced by a living
organism (i.e.: a cell)
Monomers - Answer-: -Small molecular building blocks that can exist alone or be
linked to others of the same type to form polymers.
Polymers - Answer-: -A large molecule constructed from many small molecules.
Polymerization - Answer-: -Formation of a polymer
Hydrolysis - Answer-: -Breaking down of organic molecules
Dehydration - Answer-: -Building of organic molecules
Dehydration Synthesis - Answer-: -The use of water synthesis to create new
bonds in the formation of important compounds in the body.
Carbohydrates - Answer-: -Primary function: Source of energy
Monosaccharides - Answer-: -Simple sugars that have an unbranched chain of 3-8
carbon atoms and have either a ketone or an aldehyde functional group.
Disaccharides - Answer-: -2 monosaccharides joined together.
, Polysaccharides - Answer-: -Complex carbohydrates, formed from the linkage of
many monosaccharides.
Lipids - Answer-: -Long term energy storage and key structural component.
Fatty Acids - Answer-: -Contains a long hydrocarbon carbon chain attached to a
carboxylic acid group at one end.
Triglycerides - Answer-: -made of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol molecule.
Ester functional group - Answer-: -characteristic COOC group formed when a fatty
acid is linked to an OH group from the glycerol.
Functions of Triglycerides - Answer-: -energy storage, fat protection for internal
organs, fat insulation, maintenance of body temp, digestion of fat-soluble
vitamins.
Steroids - Answer-: -Have distinctive-ring structure.
Examples of Steroids - Answer-: -cholesterol, prednisone.
Hormones - Answer-: -class of lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in
the body.
Chemistry
pH - Answer-: -The measure of proton (H+) concentration in a solution.
pH scale - Answer-: -Used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution
pH values - Answer-: -Fall between 0 and 14.
Neutral pH - Answer-: -A pH of 7
Buffer solution - Answer-: -Resists large pH changes when an acid or base is added
to the solution.
Organic Chemistry - Answer-: -Study of carbon-based structures
Carbon - Answer-: -Atom most vital for life, it has 4 unpaired valence electrons
(available for bonding). This allows each Carbon to make 4 bonds.
,Functional Groups - Answer-: -Structures that give a particular compound certain
properties and dictate what reactions the molecule can participate in.
Biomolecules - Answer-: -Numerous substances that are produced by a living
organism (i.e.: a cell)
Monomers - Answer-: -Small molecular building blocks that can exist alone or be
linked to others of the same type to form polymers.
Polymers - Answer-: -A large molecule constructed from many small molecules.
Polymerization - Answer-: -Formation of a polymer
Hydrolysis - Answer-: -Breaking down of organic molecules
Dehydration - Answer-: -Building of organic molecules
Dehydration Synthesis - Answer-: -The use of water synthesis to create new
bonds in the formation of important compounds in the body.
Carbohydrates - Answer-: -Primary function: Source of energy
Monosaccharides - Answer-: -Simple sugars that have an unbranched chain of 3-8
carbon atoms and have either a ketone or an aldehyde functional group.
Disaccharides - Answer-: -2 monosaccharides joined together.
, Polysaccharides - Answer-: -Complex carbohydrates, formed from the linkage of
many monosaccharides.
Lipids - Answer-: -Long term energy storage and key structural component.
Fatty Acids - Answer-: -Contains a long hydrocarbon carbon chain attached to a
carboxylic acid group at one end.
Triglycerides - Answer-: -made of three fatty acids bound to a glycerol molecule.
Ester functional group - Answer-: -characteristic COOC group formed when a fatty
acid is linked to an OH group from the glycerol.
Functions of Triglycerides - Answer-: -energy storage, fat protection for internal
organs, fat insulation, maintenance of body temp, digestion of fat-soluble
vitamins.
Steroids - Answer-: -Have distinctive-ring structure.
Examples of Steroids - Answer-: -cholesterol, prednisone.
Hormones - Answer-: -class of lipids that give rise to key physiological effects in
the body.
