WGU Pathophysiology D115
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What are genes are where are they located? They are composed of sequences of DNA and are ound in the nucleus of the cell
What is RNA? Ribonucleic acid, a molecule essential for various biological roles in coding,
decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
What are chromosomes? Structures within cells that contain DNA, organized into genes.
What is mitosis? The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
What is transcription? The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
What is translation? The process by which a protein is synthesized from the mRNA template.
What is phenotype? The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism,
determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.
What is genotype? The genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present at a given
locus.
What are dominant and recessive traits? Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while
recessive traits are expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.
What is autosomal dominance? A pattern of inheritance where only one copy of a dominant allele is needed for
the trait to be expressed.
What is autosomal recessive? A pattern of inheritance where two copies of a recessive allele are needed for the
trait to be expressed.
, What is X-linked inheritance? A mode of inheritance where a gene is located on the X chromosome, often
affecting males more severely.
What is the evaluation of pedigrees? The analysis of family trees to understand the inheritance patterns of genetic
traits.
What is incidence rate? The rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population during a specified
time period.
What is prevalence rate? The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time.
What is relative risk? A measure of the strength of the association between a risk factor and a disease.
What are the four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA? Adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine.
How are new strands of DNA formed? Through replication, where weak hydrogen bonds between bases are broken,
allowing complementary nucleotides to pair and form new strands.
How is transcription regulated? By transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences near genes,
influencing gene expression.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.
What are common types of chromosome abnormalities? Polyploidy, aneuploidy, trisomy, and monosomy.
How are pedigree charts utilized in genetics? To summarize family relationships and identify members affected by genetic
diseases.
How is gender determined genetically? Women have two X chromosomes (XX) and men have one X and one Y
chromosome (XY).
What are examples of multifactorial diseases? Cleft lip/palate, clubfoot, congenital hip dislocation, and ventricular septal defect.
What criteria define multifactorial inheritance? Higher recurrence risk with multiple affected family members, severity of disease
in probands, and prevalence in the population.
How do monozygotic and dizygotic twins differ? Monozygotic twins arise from one fertilized egg that splits, while dizygotic twins
come from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm.
What is Prader-Willi syndrome? A genetic disorder characterized by short stature, hypotonia, obesity, and mild to
moderate intellectual disability.
What is Angelman syndrome? A genetic disorder causing severe intellectual disability, seizures, and ataxic gait.
What is the role of Punnett squares in genetics? To predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits based on parental
genotypes.
What chromosome is affected in Down's syndrome? A triplication of the 21st chromosome.
Save
Students also studied
PN Adult Medical Surgical Online Pr... PN Adult Medical Surgical Online Pr... Glaziers review test PN Adu
90 terms 90 terms 124 terms 90 terms
sugarDee2 Preview NicJean13 Preview Steph3797 Preview kgo
What are genes are where are they located? They are composed of sequences of DNA and are ound in the nucleus of the cell
What is RNA? Ribonucleic acid, a molecule essential for various biological roles in coding,
decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.
What is DNA? Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
What are chromosomes? Structures within cells that contain DNA, organized into genes.
What is mitosis? The process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells.
What is transcription? The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.
What is translation? The process by which a protein is synthesized from the mRNA template.
What is phenotype? The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism,
determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.
What is genotype? The genetic constitution of an individual, specifically the alleles present at a given
locus.
What are dominant and recessive traits? Dominant traits are expressed when at least one dominant allele is present, while
recessive traits are expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.
What is autosomal dominance? A pattern of inheritance where only one copy of a dominant allele is needed for
the trait to be expressed.
What is autosomal recessive? A pattern of inheritance where two copies of a recessive allele are needed for the
trait to be expressed.
, What is X-linked inheritance? A mode of inheritance where a gene is located on the X chromosome, often
affecting males more severely.
What is the evaluation of pedigrees? The analysis of family trees to understand the inheritance patterns of genetic
traits.
What is incidence rate? The rate at which new cases of a disease occur in a population during a specified
time period.
What is prevalence rate? The total number of cases of a disease in a population at a given time.
What is relative risk? A measure of the strength of the association between a risk factor and a disease.
What are the four types of nitrogenous bases in DNA? Adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine.
How are new strands of DNA formed? Through replication, where weak hydrogen bonds between bases are broken,
allowing complementary nucleotides to pair and form new strands.
How is transcription regulated? By transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences near genes,
influencing gene expression.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have? Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, totaling 46.
What are common types of chromosome abnormalities? Polyploidy, aneuploidy, trisomy, and monosomy.
How are pedigree charts utilized in genetics? To summarize family relationships and identify members affected by genetic
diseases.
How is gender determined genetically? Women have two X chromosomes (XX) and men have one X and one Y
chromosome (XY).
What are examples of multifactorial diseases? Cleft lip/palate, clubfoot, congenital hip dislocation, and ventricular septal defect.
What criteria define multifactorial inheritance? Higher recurrence risk with multiple affected family members, severity of disease
in probands, and prevalence in the population.
How do monozygotic and dizygotic twins differ? Monozygotic twins arise from one fertilized egg that splits, while dizygotic twins
come from two separate eggs fertilized by different sperm.
What is Prader-Willi syndrome? A genetic disorder characterized by short stature, hypotonia, obesity, and mild to
moderate intellectual disability.
What is Angelman syndrome? A genetic disorder causing severe intellectual disability, seizures, and ataxic gait.
What is the role of Punnett squares in genetics? To predict the probability of offspring inheriting specific traits based on parental
genotypes.
What chromosome is affected in Down's syndrome? A triplication of the 21st chromosome.
