NSG 5003 Chapter 40: Structure and Function of the
Digestive System UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
In the mouth and stomach, salivary -amylase initiates the ANS: B
digestion of which nutrients? Salivary -amylase is an enzyme that initiates only carbohydrate digestion in the
a. Proteins mouth and
b. Carbohydrates stomach.
c. Fats
d. Fiber
Which elements in saliva protect against tooth decay? ANS: D
a. Salivary -amylase and ptyalin The bicarbonate concentration of saliva sustains a pH of approximately 7.4, which
b. Secretin and IgA neutralizes
c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary -amylase bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay. Exogenous fluoride (e.g., fluoride in
d. Exogenous fluoride and a pH of 7.4 drinking water)
is absorbed and then secreted in the saliva, providing additional protection
against tooth
decay.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? ANS: A
a. IgA Saliva contains only IgA, which helps prevent infection.
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM
What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic ANS: B
nervous system with a drug such as The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
atropine? control
a. Salivation becomes thinner. salivation. Because cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the salivary
b. Salivation decreases. glands, atropine
c. The pH of saliva changes. (an anticholinergic agent) inhibits salivation and makes the mouth dry.
d. Digestive enzymes are inhibited.
5. Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? ANS: A
a. Cardiac Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper
b. Upper esophageal esophageal
c. Gastric sphincter (cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the esophagus
d. Fundal during
respiration. The lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter) prevents
regurgitation from
the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is located near the esophageal
hiatus—the
opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus ends at the stomach.
, Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic ANS: A
factor? Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete
a. Parietal hydrochloric acid and
b. Chief intrinsic factor.
c. G
d. H
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? ANS: D
a. Oxyntic Of the available options, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
b. Chief
c. D
d. Enterochromaffin-like
The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates ANS: B
which hormones? The movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum initiates the
a. Motilin and histamine intestinal phase of
b. Secretin and cholecystokinin secretion.
c. Enteroglucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide
d. Somatostatin and acetylcholine
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen ANS: C
secretion, as well as decrease the release Of the options available, only somatostatin inhibits the secretion of acid and
of gastrin? pepsinogen and
a. Bombesin decreases gastrin release.
b. Histamine
c. Somatostatin
d. Acetylcholine
Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming ANS: B
polypeptides in the stomach? Of the options available, only pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme, breaks down protein-
a. Acetylcholine forming
b. Pepsin polypeptides in the stomach.
c. Gastrin
d. Secretin
Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal ANS: A
barrier of the stomach? Prostaglandins and enterogastrones, such as gastric inhibitory peptide,
a. Prostaglandins somatostatin, and
b. Aspirin secretin, inhibit acid secretion.
c. Helicobacter pylori
d. Regurgitated bile
The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the ANS: B
peritoneum that contain an extensive The ileum and jejunum are suspended in loose folds from the posterior abdominal
vascular and nervous network. What are these folds wall by a
called? peritoneal membrane called the mesentery.
a. Ligament of Treitz
b. Mesentery
c. Auerbach folds
d. Lamina propria
Digestive System UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and
CORRECT Answers
In the mouth and stomach, salivary -amylase initiates the ANS: B
digestion of which nutrients? Salivary -amylase is an enzyme that initiates only carbohydrate digestion in the
a. Proteins mouth and
b. Carbohydrates stomach.
c. Fats
d. Fiber
Which elements in saliva protect against tooth decay? ANS: D
a. Salivary -amylase and ptyalin The bicarbonate concentration of saliva sustains a pH of approximately 7.4, which
b. Secretin and IgA neutralizes
c. Endogenous enamelin and salivary -amylase bacterial acids and prevents tooth decay. Exogenous fluoride (e.g., fluoride in
d. Exogenous fluoride and a pH of 7.4 drinking water)
is absorbed and then secreted in the saliva, providing additional protection
against tooth
decay.
Saliva contains which immunoglobulin (Ig)? ANS: A
a. IgA Saliva contains only IgA, which helps prevent infection.
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgM
What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic ANS: B
nervous system with a drug such as The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system
atropine? control
a. Salivation becomes thinner. salivation. Because cholinergic parasympathetic fibers stimulate the salivary
b. Salivation decreases. glands, atropine
c. The pH of saliva changes. (an anticholinergic agent) inhibits salivation and makes the mouth dry.
d. Digestive enzymes are inhibited.
5. Food enters the stomach via which sphincter? ANS: A
a. Cardiac Each end of the esophagus is opened and closed by a sphincter. The upper
b. Upper esophageal esophageal
c. Gastric sphincter (cricopharyngeal muscle) prevents entry of air into the esophagus
d. Fundal during
respiration. The lower esophageal sphincter (cardiac sphincter) prevents
regurgitation from
the stomach. The lower esophageal sphincter is located near the esophageal
hiatus—the
opening in the diaphragm where the esophagus ends at the stomach.
, Which gastric cells secrete hydrochloric acid and intrinsic ANS: A
factor? Of the available options, only the parietal cells (oxyntic cells) secrete
a. Parietal hydrochloric acid and
b. Chief intrinsic factor.
c. G
d. H
Which cells in the stomach secrete histamine? ANS: D
a. Oxyntic Of the available options, only enterochromaffin-like cells secrete histamine.
b. Chief
c. D
d. Enterochromaffin-like
The presence of chyme in the duodenum stimulates ANS: B
which hormones? The movement of chyme from the stomach into the duodenum initiates the
a. Motilin and histamine intestinal phase of
b. Secretin and cholecystokinin secretion.
c. Enteroglucagon and gastric inhibitory peptide
d. Somatostatin and acetylcholine
Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen ANS: C
secretion, as well as decrease the release Of the options available, only somatostatin inhibits the secretion of acid and
of gastrin? pepsinogen and
a. Bombesin decreases gastrin release.
b. Histamine
c. Somatostatin
d. Acetylcholine
Which enzyme breaks down protein-forming ANS: B
polypeptides in the stomach? Of the options available, only pepsin, a proteolytic enzyme, breaks down protein-
a. Acetylcholine forming
b. Pepsin polypeptides in the stomach.
c. Gastrin
d. Secretin
Exposure to which substance protects the mucosal ANS: A
barrier of the stomach? Prostaglandins and enterogastrones, such as gastric inhibitory peptide,
a. Prostaglandins somatostatin, and
b. Aspirin secretin, inhibit acid secretion.
c. Helicobacter pylori
d. Regurgitated bile
The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the ANS: B
peritoneum that contain an extensive The ileum and jejunum are suspended in loose folds from the posterior abdominal
vascular and nervous network. What are these folds wall by a
called? peritoneal membrane called the mesentery.
a. Ligament of Treitz
b. Mesentery
c. Auerbach folds
d. Lamina propria
