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NUR 210 EXAM 2|| ALL QUESTIONS AND parasympathetic (cholinergic) and sympathetic (adrenergic)
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+||
ACTUAL EXAM AND LATEST UPDATE 2026 WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS What is the nervous system in general responsible for?
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? transmission of electric and chemical impulses
the CNS and the peripheral nervous system
What are the three principle functions of the autonomic nervous system?
What does the CNS consist of? 1. regulate the heart
the brain and the spinal cord 2. regulates secretory glands (gastric, sweat, and bronchial glands)
3. regulates smooth muscle (bronchial passages, blood vessels, urogenital and GI
tract)
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
somatic motor system and autonomic nervous system
Describe the sympathetic response.
"fight or flight", acute stress response
What does the somatic motor system control?
voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
what happens when you activate "fight or flight"?
mobilize energy, HR and BP increase; shunt blood away from skin and viscera into
skeletal muscles; bronchi dilated (improve oxygenation); pupils dilate (enhance
what does the autonomic nervous system control? visual acuity); mobilize stored energy providing glucose for the brain and fatty
acids for the muscle
involuntary actions
What are adrenergic agents?
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
medications that add energy
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What are the two basic types of receptors the peripheral nervous system works
through?
What are sympathomimetics?
1. adrenergic receptors: mediate responses to epinephrine (adrenaline) and
mimic the sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine
2. cholinergic receptors: mediate responses to acetylcholine
Describe the parasympathetic response.
"rest and digest"; HR slows; gastric secretion increases; emptying of bladder and
Describe adrenergic agents.
bowel; pupils constrict; bronchial smooth muscle contracts
add energy; fight or flight
What are drug class examples for the parasympathetic response?
What are the three receptor sub types affected by adrenergic agents?
cholinergic agents; parasympathomimetics
1. beta 1: cardiac
2. beta 2: respiratory
3. alpha: peripheral vascular; pupils
What are the three basic patterns of innervation and regulation for the sympathetic
and parasympathetic responses?
1. have innervation of both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (effects of
two divisions are opposed)
What organs to adrenergic agents affect?
ex. parasympathetic nerve slows HR and sympathetic nerve accelerates HR; both
cardiac: tachycardia
can be working at the same time
respiratory: bronchial dilation
2. innervation by both divisions of ANS and the effects are complimentary
peripheral: vasoconstriction
ex. in the male reproductive system the parasympathetic nerve regulates erection
while sympathetic regulate ejaculation ocular: dilation (my/dri/asis - my/dry/eye)
3. innervation and regulation by only one division
ex. blood vessels regulated exclusively by sympathetic nerves
What do we use epinephrine for?
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cardiac arrest; person with super low blood pressure (vasoconstriction); person in What are the major uses of cholinergic agents?
shock; allergic reaction
promote GI function; increase secretions; stimulate peristalsis; promote urinary
function; pupil constriction
Who would need bronchial dilation (adrenergic agents)?
an asthmatic or someone with COPD What are examples of medications that promote GI function?
Reglan; antiemetic (help with nausea and vomiting); stimulates upper GI motility
What is a common time you would see adrenergic agents used for
vasoconstriction?
What is a major use of cholinergic agents?
use of topical lidocaine with epinephrine to constrict blood vessels and decrease
promote urinary function; helps relax sphincter and increases bladder tone
bleeding
What is an example of a cholinergic agent that promotes urinary function?
What is a common time you would see adrenergic agents used for ocular dilation?
urecholine; used to treat urinary retention
diagnostic purposes
How would cholinergic agents be used to help with glaucoma?
what are the side effects of sympathetic adrenergic agents?
increase constriction of blood vessels; reduce intraocular pressure
insomnia, nervousness, fine muscle tremors, palpitations, tachycardia,
hypertension
What are the adverse drug reactions (side effects) associated with cholinergic
agents?
What are muscarninic agonists?
diarrhea; frequent urination; increased bladder pressure; blurred distance vision;
work and add energy to parasympathetic nervous system
diaphoresis (sweaty); abdominal cramps; can have effects on cardiac/respiratory
system but need a large amount of the drug
NUR 210 EXAM 2|| ALL QUESTIONS AND parasympathetic (cholinergic) and sympathetic (adrenergic)
CORRECT ANSWERS ALREADY GRADED A+||
ACTUAL EXAM AND LATEST UPDATE 2026 WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS|| ASSURED PASS What is the nervous system in general responsible for?
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? transmission of electric and chemical impulses
the CNS and the peripheral nervous system
What are the three principle functions of the autonomic nervous system?
What does the CNS consist of? 1. regulate the heart
the brain and the spinal cord 2. regulates secretory glands (gastric, sweat, and bronchial glands)
3. regulates smooth muscle (bronchial passages, blood vessels, urogenital and GI
tract)
What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?
somatic motor system and autonomic nervous system
Describe the sympathetic response.
"fight or flight", acute stress response
What does the somatic motor system control?
voluntary movement of skeletal muscles
what happens when you activate "fight or flight"?
mobilize energy, HR and BP increase; shunt blood away from skin and viscera into
skeletal muscles; bronchi dilated (improve oxygenation); pupils dilate (enhance
what does the autonomic nervous system control? visual acuity); mobilize stored energy providing glucose for the brain and fatty
acids for the muscle
involuntary actions
What are adrenergic agents?
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
medications that add energy
,3|Page 4|Page
What are the two basic types of receptors the peripheral nervous system works
through?
What are sympathomimetics?
1. adrenergic receptors: mediate responses to epinephrine (adrenaline) and
mimic the sympathetic nervous system
norepinephrine
2. cholinergic receptors: mediate responses to acetylcholine
Describe the parasympathetic response.
"rest and digest"; HR slows; gastric secretion increases; emptying of bladder and
Describe adrenergic agents.
bowel; pupils constrict; bronchial smooth muscle contracts
add energy; fight or flight
What are drug class examples for the parasympathetic response?
What are the three receptor sub types affected by adrenergic agents?
cholinergic agents; parasympathomimetics
1. beta 1: cardiac
2. beta 2: respiratory
3. alpha: peripheral vascular; pupils
What are the three basic patterns of innervation and regulation for the sympathetic
and parasympathetic responses?
1. have innervation of both divisions of the autonomic nervous system (effects of
two divisions are opposed)
What organs to adrenergic agents affect?
ex. parasympathetic nerve slows HR and sympathetic nerve accelerates HR; both
cardiac: tachycardia
can be working at the same time
respiratory: bronchial dilation
2. innervation by both divisions of ANS and the effects are complimentary
peripheral: vasoconstriction
ex. in the male reproductive system the parasympathetic nerve regulates erection
while sympathetic regulate ejaculation ocular: dilation (my/dri/asis - my/dry/eye)
3. innervation and regulation by only one division
ex. blood vessels regulated exclusively by sympathetic nerves
What do we use epinephrine for?
, 5|Page 6|Page
cardiac arrest; person with super low blood pressure (vasoconstriction); person in What are the major uses of cholinergic agents?
shock; allergic reaction
promote GI function; increase secretions; stimulate peristalsis; promote urinary
function; pupil constriction
Who would need bronchial dilation (adrenergic agents)?
an asthmatic or someone with COPD What are examples of medications that promote GI function?
Reglan; antiemetic (help with nausea and vomiting); stimulates upper GI motility
What is a common time you would see adrenergic agents used for
vasoconstriction?
What is a major use of cholinergic agents?
use of topical lidocaine with epinephrine to constrict blood vessels and decrease
promote urinary function; helps relax sphincter and increases bladder tone
bleeding
What is an example of a cholinergic agent that promotes urinary function?
What is a common time you would see adrenergic agents used for ocular dilation?
urecholine; used to treat urinary retention
diagnostic purposes
How would cholinergic agents be used to help with glaucoma?
what are the side effects of sympathetic adrenergic agents?
increase constriction of blood vessels; reduce intraocular pressure
insomnia, nervousness, fine muscle tremors, palpitations, tachycardia,
hypertension
What are the adverse drug reactions (side effects) associated with cholinergic
agents?
What are muscarninic agonists?
diarrhea; frequent urination; increased bladder pressure; blurred distance vision;
work and add energy to parasympathetic nervous system
diaphoresis (sweaty); abdominal cramps; can have effects on cardiac/respiratory
system but need a large amount of the drug
