NR605 Pathophysiology Exam Review – Comprehensive
Prep | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
Which elevated lab value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis? -
correct answerHigh-density lipoproteins HDL's
Provides one-way flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta - correct
answerAortic valve
Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung. - correct
answerRight pulmonary artery
Transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation. - correct
answerAorta (aortic arch)
Conveys deoxygenated blood from the head and upper extremities to the right atrium? -
correct answerSuperior vena cava
Provides one-way flow of blood from the right ventricle to the left lung? - correct
answerPulmonary valve
Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung? - correct
answerleft pulmonary artery
Conveys deoxygenated blood from the trunk and lower extremities to the right atrium? -
correct answerInferior vena cava
Transports oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium? - correct answerLeft
pulmonary veins
Provides one-way flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle - correct
answertricuspid valve
Right ventricle enlargement caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension? - correct
answerCorpulmonale
Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? - correct answerLeft
Ventricle
Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would
interrupt blood supply to which structures? - correct answerLeft and right ventricles and
much of the interventricular septum
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? - correct
answerInjury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
,Name 4 Age-related changes associated with the cardiovascular system include? -
correct answer1. decreased cardiac output
2. increased blood pressure
3. decreased compliance of the heart muscle
4. thickening of the heart valves.
An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of troponin, creatine kinase-
isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indicators
associated with which condition? - correct answerMyocardial infarction (MI)
Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance? - correct answerRight-sided Heart Failure
Orthopnea, crackles and coughing pink frothy sputum result from back up into the lungs
from which heart failure? - correct answerLeft-sided Heart Failure
jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly and ankle edema are more from backup from
which heart failure? - correct answerRight-sided Heart failure
Dilated cardiomyopathy means that - correct answerthe cardiac chambers are enlarged
(increased diastolic volume) and the myocardium has decreased contractility.
In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the cardiac chambers - correct answerhave decreased
volume and the myocardium is rigid and noncompliant
Cardiac valve damage in rheumatic fever is caused by - correct answeran abnormal
immune response
Acute rheumatic fever is characterized by - correct answercarditis, acute migratory
polyarthritis, chorea, and erythema marginatum, which occurs 1 to 5 weeks after
streptococcal infection of the pharynx
a condition characterized by thickening and hardening of the vessel wall. - correct
answerArteriosclerosis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a result of: - correct answera zone of low
pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
Define GERD - correct answerRegurgitation of stomach contents (reflux of chyme)
across incompetent Gastroesophageal junction into the esophagus producing irritation
and a number of symptoms heartburn being the cardinal symptom often relieved by
antacids and aggravated by lying flat.
, At 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been feeding well and gained weight begins to
vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting has gradually become more forceful. These
symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? - correct answerPyloric stenosis
Projectile vomiting which is a spontaneous forceful vomiting not usually preceded by
nausea or retching. - correct answerPyloric stenosis.
Epigastric pain, beginning 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating when the stomach is
empty or in the middle of the night, is consistent with which diagnosis? - correct
answerDuodenal ulcer
Which type of hepatitis is transferred via the fecal-oral route? - correct answerHepatitis
A
Why does a person with cystic fibrosis have an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? -
correct answerBecause the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus
What is the primary cause of duodenal ulcers. - correct answerHelicobacter pylori
If a person lacks the enzyme lactase and ingests lactose, the lactose will not be
hydrolyzed and absorbed into the intestinal wall; the type of diarrhea that results is
_____ diarrhea. - correct answerOsmotic
Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause
which condition in the infant? - correct answerPyloric stenosis
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - correct answerExcessive mucus
production characterizes cystic fibrosis.
Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults? - correct
answerFluid reserves are smaller in children.
Which statement is FALSE regarding the pathophysiologic process of acute
pancreatitis?
1)
Bile duct or pancreatic duct obstruction blocks the outflow of pancreatic digestive
enzymes.
2)
Acute pancreatitis can also result from direct cellular injury from drugs or viral infection.
3)
Acute pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease in which immunoglobulin G (IgG) coats the
pancreatic acinar cells; consequently, the pancreatic enzymes destroy the cells.
4)
Acute pancreatitis digests pancreatic tissue and is usually very painful. - correct
answer3)
Prep | Latest Update 2026 | Graded A+
Which elevated lab value may be protective of the development of atherosclerosis? -
correct answerHigh-density lipoproteins HDL's
Provides one-way flow of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta - correct
answerAortic valve
Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the right lung. - correct
answerRight pulmonary artery
Transports oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systemic circulation. - correct
answerAorta (aortic arch)
Conveys deoxygenated blood from the head and upper extremities to the right atrium? -
correct answerSuperior vena cava
Provides one-way flow of blood from the right ventricle to the left lung? - correct
answerPulmonary valve
Transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left lung? - correct
answerleft pulmonary artery
Conveys deoxygenated blood from the trunk and lower extremities to the right atrium? -
correct answerInferior vena cava
Transports oxygenated blood from the left lung to the left atrium? - correct answerLeft
pulmonary veins
Provides one-way flow of blood from the right atrium into the right ventricle - correct
answertricuspid valve
Right ventricle enlargement caused by chronic pulmonary hypertension? - correct
answerCorpulmonale
Which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressures? - correct answerLeft
Ventricle
Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery during a myocardial infarction would
interrupt blood supply to which structures? - correct answerLeft and right ventricles and
much of the interventricular septum
What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? - correct
answerInjury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
,Name 4 Age-related changes associated with the cardiovascular system include? -
correct answer1. decreased cardiac output
2. increased blood pressure
3. decreased compliance of the heart muscle
4. thickening of the heart valves.
An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of troponin, creatine kinase-
isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indicators
associated with which condition? - correct answerMyocardial infarction (MI)
Which form of heart failure may result from pulmonary disease and elevated pulmonary
vascular resistance? - correct answerRight-sided Heart Failure
Orthopnea, crackles and coughing pink frothy sputum result from back up into the lungs
from which heart failure? - correct answerLeft-sided Heart Failure
jugular venous distention, hepatomegaly and ankle edema are more from backup from
which heart failure? - correct answerRight-sided Heart failure
Dilated cardiomyopathy means that - correct answerthe cardiac chambers are enlarged
(increased diastolic volume) and the myocardium has decreased contractility.
In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the cardiac chambers - correct answerhave decreased
volume and the myocardium is rigid and noncompliant
Cardiac valve damage in rheumatic fever is caused by - correct answeran abnormal
immune response
Acute rheumatic fever is characterized by - correct answercarditis, acute migratory
polyarthritis, chorea, and erythema marginatum, which occurs 1 to 5 weeks after
streptococcal infection of the pharynx
a condition characterized by thickening and hardening of the vessel wall. - correct
answerArteriosclerosis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a result of: - correct answera zone of low
pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES).
Define GERD - correct answerRegurgitation of stomach contents (reflux of chyme)
across incompetent Gastroesophageal junction into the esophagus producing irritation
and a number of symptoms heartburn being the cardinal symptom often relieved by
antacids and aggravated by lying flat.
, At 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been feeding well and gained weight begins to
vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting has gradually become more forceful. These
symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? - correct answerPyloric stenosis
Projectile vomiting which is a spontaneous forceful vomiting not usually preceded by
nausea or retching. - correct answerPyloric stenosis.
Epigastric pain, beginning 30 minutes to 2 hours after eating when the stomach is
empty or in the middle of the night, is consistent with which diagnosis? - correct
answerDuodenal ulcer
Which type of hepatitis is transferred via the fecal-oral route? - correct answerHepatitis
A
Why does a person with cystic fibrosis have an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency? -
correct answerBecause the pancreatic ducts are obstructed with mucus
What is the primary cause of duodenal ulcers. - correct answerHelicobacter pylori
If a person lacks the enzyme lactase and ingests lactose, the lactose will not be
hydrolyzed and absorbed into the intestinal wall; the type of diarrhea that results is
_____ diarrhea. - correct answerOsmotic
Increased gastrin secretion by the mother in the last trimester of pregnancy may cause
which condition in the infant? - correct answerPyloric stenosis
Cystic fibrosis is characterized by which symptom? - correct answerExcessive mucus
production characterizes cystic fibrosis.
Why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults? - correct
answerFluid reserves are smaller in children.
Which statement is FALSE regarding the pathophysiologic process of acute
pancreatitis?
1)
Bile duct or pancreatic duct obstruction blocks the outflow of pancreatic digestive
enzymes.
2)
Acute pancreatitis can also result from direct cellular injury from drugs or viral infection.
3)
Acute pancreatitis is an autoimmune disease in which immunoglobulin G (IgG) coats the
pancreatic acinar cells; consequently, the pancreatic enzymes destroy the cells.
4)
Acute pancreatitis digests pancreatic tissue and is usually very painful. - correct
answer3)
