NBME CBSE Exam Questions and
Answers 100% PASS
Bulbus cordis—ANSWER-Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions—ANSWER-Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV
and semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus—ANSWER-coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins—ANSWER-IVC
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein—ANSWER-SVC
Right horn of sinus venosus—ANSWER-Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Patent foramen ovale—ANSWER-failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse
after birth
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
,Persistent truncus arteriosus—ANSWER-Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
neural crest cells to migrate
ductus venosus—ANSWER-connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing
the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
phrenic nerve—ANSWER-innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
S3 heart sound—ANSWER-Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation,
HF), common in dilated ventricles
normal in kids and pregnant women
S4 heart sound—ANSWER-atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
best heard at apex in LLD position
High atrial pressure.
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
, Always abnormal
atria contract—ANSWER-a wave of JVP
c wave—ANSWER-RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP
x descent—ANSWER-JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tricuspid
valve during rapid ventricular ejection phase
reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
V wave—ANSWER-JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against closed
tricuspid valve
y descent—ANSWER-JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
plusus parvus et tardus—ANSWER-pulses are weak with delayed peak
Aortic stenosis
PR interval—ANSWER-0.12-0.20 seconds
120 milliseconds
QT interval length—ANSWER-9 - 11 squares = .36 to .44 seconds
Answers 100% PASS
Bulbus cordis—ANSWER-Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right ventricles
endocardial cushions—ANSWER-Atrial septum, membranous interventricular septum; AV
and semilunar valves
neural crest
left horn of the sinus venosus—ANSWER-coronary sinus
posterior, sub cardinal, and supra cardinal veins—ANSWER-IVC
Right common cardinal vein and right anterior cardinal vein—ANSWER-SVC
Right horn of sinus venosus—ANSWER-Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
Patent foramen ovale—ANSWER-failure of septum primum and septum secundum to fuse
after birth
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot
,Persistent truncus arteriosus—ANSWER-Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure of
neural crest cells to migrate
ductus venosus—ANSWER-connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing
the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
phrenic nerve—ANSWER-innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
S3 heart sound—ANSWER-Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral regurgitation,
HF), common in dilated ventricles
normal in kids and pregnant women
S4 heart sound—ANSWER-atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
best heard at apex in LLD position
High atrial pressure.
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
© 2026 Copyright. All Rights Reserved. This document is
protected by copyright law, Copyrighted By Brittie Donald
, Always abnormal
atria contract—ANSWER-a wave of JVP
c wave—ANSWER-RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into atrium) wave of JVP
x descent—ANSWER-JVP wave corresponding to downward displacement of closed tricuspid
valve during rapid ventricular ejection phase
reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
V wave—ANSWER-JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due to filling against closed
tricuspid valve
y descent—ANSWER-JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
plusus parvus et tardus—ANSWER-pulses are weak with delayed peak
Aortic stenosis
PR interval—ANSWER-0.12-0.20 seconds
120 milliseconds
QT interval length—ANSWER-9 - 11 squares = .36 to .44 seconds
