HESI STUDY EXIT EXAM TESTED
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following local anesthetics may be useful in patients with herpetic
dysfunction?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. articaine
D. bupivacaine - ANSWER//articaine
What are the two groups of local anesthetics? Which has the highest potential for
allergic reactions? Which are allergic reactions rare? - ANSWER//esters and amides;
esters; amides
Where are esters metabolized? Where are amides metabolized? - ANSWER//plasma
and blood; liver
T/F: If you are allergic to one ester, you will not be allergic to all the other esters. -
ANSWER//False (if allergic to one ester allergic to all esters)
What is the most commonly used topical anesthetic? What product do we use in clinic
that contains this anesthetic? Is it an ester or an amide? - ANSWER//benzocaine;
lollicaine; bEnzocaine is an Ester
Which ester local anesthetic is no longer used in dentistry?
A. propoxycaine (Ravocaine)
B. tetracaine (Pontocaine)
C. procaine (Novocaine) - ANSWER//procaine (NOvocain) like no
All are amide local anesthetics except:
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
,D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//benzocaine (ester)
What is the most commonly used anesthetic in dentistry?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//lidocaine
What local anesthetics are safe in pregnancy and during lactation? Which is the drug of
choice for pregnant women? What class drug are these two?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//lidocaine and prilocaine; lidocaine; class B
Which local anesthetic is a category B?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//lidocaine
Which local anesthetic is an amide anesthetic with ester linkage/hybrid/partially
metabolized in the liver and partially metabolized in the blood?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//articaine
Which local anesthetic has the greatest duration of action?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//bupivacaine
,Which local anesthetic has a longer duration and lower epi content than lidocaine?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//prilocaine
Which local anesthetic is associated with methemoglobinemia?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//prilocaine
All are contraindications of using prilocaine except:
A. patients with anemias
B. patients taking aspirin
C. Patients taking acetaminophen
D. patients with methemoglobinemia - ANSWER//patients taking aspirin
What condition is characterized by iron in hemoglobin not carrying oxygen effectively?
What does acetaminophen do in patients with this condition?
A. pernicious anemia
B. methemoglobinemia
C. sickle anemia
D. thalassemia - ANSWER//methemoglobinemia; raises methemoglobin levels
Which local anesthetic has the shortest duration of action?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//mepivacaine
When choosing a local anesthetic, a lower pKa does what?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//better absorbed, related to onset of action
Put the local anesthetics in order from shortest to longest duration of action?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
, C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. articaine - ANSWER//mepivacaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, articaine, bupivacaine
When choosing a local anesthetic, stronger binding to a protein does what?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//longer duration; related to duration of action
When choosing a local anesthetic, the more lipid soluble it is, what happenst?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//more potent; related to potency
When choosing a local anesthetic, less vasodilation (vasoconstrictor added) does what?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//more potent and longer duration; related to potency and
duration of action
All are reasons vasoconstrictors are added to local anesthetics except:
A. decreased absorption
B. Increased bleeding
C. Decreased bleeding
D. Increased duration of action - ANSWER//increased bleeding
T/F: Vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic prevent toxicity by decreasing absorption. What
is the only true contraindication to vasoconstrictors? - ANSWER//true; sulfite allergy
What is a preservative in local anesthetics that is used with vasoconstrictors and can
cause allergy? What are the two vasoconstrictors used in the US? - ANSWER//sulfite;
epi and levonordefrin
What is the highest concentration of epi? What is the lowest concentration?
A. 1:200,000
B. 1:100,000
C. 1:50,000 - ANSWER//1:50,000; 1:200,000 (lowest number is highest concentration)
What is levonordefrin only used in combination with?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
|ALREADY GRADED A+
Which of the following local anesthetics may be useful in patients with herpetic
dysfunction?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. articaine
D. bupivacaine - ANSWER//articaine
What are the two groups of local anesthetics? Which has the highest potential for
allergic reactions? Which are allergic reactions rare? - ANSWER//esters and amides;
esters; amides
Where are esters metabolized? Where are amides metabolized? - ANSWER//plasma
and blood; liver
T/F: If you are allergic to one ester, you will not be allergic to all the other esters. -
ANSWER//False (if allergic to one ester allergic to all esters)
What is the most commonly used topical anesthetic? What product do we use in clinic
that contains this anesthetic? Is it an ester or an amide? - ANSWER//benzocaine;
lollicaine; bEnzocaine is an Ester
Which ester local anesthetic is no longer used in dentistry?
A. propoxycaine (Ravocaine)
B. tetracaine (Pontocaine)
C. procaine (Novocaine) - ANSWER//procaine (NOvocain) like no
All are amide local anesthetics except:
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
,D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//benzocaine (ester)
What is the most commonly used anesthetic in dentistry?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//lidocaine
What local anesthetics are safe in pregnancy and during lactation? Which is the drug of
choice for pregnant women? What class drug are these two?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//lidocaine and prilocaine; lidocaine; class B
Which local anesthetic is a category B?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//lidocaine
Which local anesthetic is an amide anesthetic with ester linkage/hybrid/partially
metabolized in the liver and partially metabolized in the blood?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//articaine
Which local anesthetic has the greatest duration of action?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//bupivacaine
,Which local anesthetic has a longer duration and lower epi content than lidocaine?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//prilocaine
Which local anesthetic is associated with methemoglobinemia?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//prilocaine
All are contraindications of using prilocaine except:
A. patients with anemias
B. patients taking aspirin
C. Patients taking acetaminophen
D. patients with methemoglobinemia - ANSWER//patients taking aspirin
What condition is characterized by iron in hemoglobin not carrying oxygen effectively?
What does acetaminophen do in patients with this condition?
A. pernicious anemia
B. methemoglobinemia
C. sickle anemia
D. thalassemia - ANSWER//methemoglobinemia; raises methemoglobin levels
Which local anesthetic has the shortest duration of action?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. benzocaine
F. articaine - ANSWER//mepivacaine
When choosing a local anesthetic, a lower pKa does what?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//better absorbed, related to onset of action
Put the local anesthetics in order from shortest to longest duration of action?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
, C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
E. articaine - ANSWER//mepivacaine, lidocaine, prilocaine, articaine, bupivacaine
When choosing a local anesthetic, stronger binding to a protein does what?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//longer duration; related to duration of action
When choosing a local anesthetic, the more lipid soluble it is, what happenst?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//more potent; related to potency
When choosing a local anesthetic, less vasodilation (vasoconstrictor added) does what?
A. make it more potent
B. make it longer duration
C. make it more potent and longer duration
D. better absorbed - ANSWER//more potent and longer duration; related to potency and
duration of action
All are reasons vasoconstrictors are added to local anesthetics except:
A. decreased absorption
B. Increased bleeding
C. Decreased bleeding
D. Increased duration of action - ANSWER//increased bleeding
T/F: Vasoconstrictors in local anesthetic prevent toxicity by decreasing absorption. What
is the only true contraindication to vasoconstrictors? - ANSWER//true; sulfite allergy
What is a preservative in local anesthetics that is used with vasoconstrictors and can
cause allergy? What are the two vasoconstrictors used in the US? - ANSWER//sulfite;
epi and levonordefrin
What is the highest concentration of epi? What is the lowest concentration?
A. 1:200,000
B. 1:100,000
C. 1:50,000 - ANSWER//1:50,000; 1:200,000 (lowest number is highest concentration)
What is levonordefrin only used in combination with?
A. lidocaine
B. mepivacaine
C. prilocaine
D. bupivacaine
