LEWIS MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 12TH
EDITION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
◉ AV node. Answer: located in right atrial wall near tricuspid valve
◉ cardiac outpur. Answer: amount of blood pumped by each
ventricle in liters per minute
◉ cardiac stress test. Answer: used to evaluate function of the heart
during a period of increased oxygen demand, initiated by exercise or
medication
◉ diastole. Answer: period of ventricular relaxation resulting
ventricle filling
◉ preload. Answer: degree of stretch of the cardiac muscles at the
end of diastole, when filling volume in the ventricles is the highest
and degree of stretch on muscle fibers is the greatest
◉ pulmonary vascular resistance. Answer: resistance of blood flow
out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory
system
,◉ S1. Answer: closure of the atriovetricular - mitral and tricuspid
valves
◉ S2. Answer: closure of semilunar valves
◉ S3. Answer: early diastole, abnormal, most often due to volume
overload associated with HF
◉ S4. Answer: late diastole, hypertrophy of the vntricle
◉ SA - sinoatrial node. Answer: primary pacemaker
◉ summation gallop. Answer: abnormal sound created by the
presence of S1 and S2
◉ most muscular chamber of heart. Answer: left ventricle, it must
overcome high aortic and arterial pressure
◉ Two types of valves. Answer: AV and semilunar
◉ AV valve separate the atria from ventricle. Answer: tricuspid and
mitral (bicuspid)
, ◉ Tricuspid valve. Answer: separates the right atrium from the right
venricle
◉ Mitral valve. Answer: left atrium and left ventricle
◉ During diastole. Answer: tricuspid and mitral vale open, blood in
the atria flows into relaxed ventricles
◉ semilunar valves. Answer: pulmonic and aortic valve
◉ pulmonic valve. Answer: right ventricle and pulmonary artery
◉ aortic valve. Answer: left ventricle and aorta
◉ when heart rate increases, diastolic time shortened which may
not allow myocardial perfusion. Answer: as a result, patient at risk
for myocardial ischemia during tachycardias especially with CAD
◉ two types of electrical cells. Answer: nodal cells and Purkinje cells
◉ three physiological characteristics of nodal and purkinje cells.
Answer: automacity, exitability, conductivity
EDITION EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
◉ AV node. Answer: located in right atrial wall near tricuspid valve
◉ cardiac outpur. Answer: amount of blood pumped by each
ventricle in liters per minute
◉ cardiac stress test. Answer: used to evaluate function of the heart
during a period of increased oxygen demand, initiated by exercise or
medication
◉ diastole. Answer: period of ventricular relaxation resulting
ventricle filling
◉ preload. Answer: degree of stretch of the cardiac muscles at the
end of diastole, when filling volume in the ventricles is the highest
and degree of stretch on muscle fibers is the greatest
◉ pulmonary vascular resistance. Answer: resistance of blood flow
out of the right ventricle created by the pulmonary circulatory
system
,◉ S1. Answer: closure of the atriovetricular - mitral and tricuspid
valves
◉ S2. Answer: closure of semilunar valves
◉ S3. Answer: early diastole, abnormal, most often due to volume
overload associated with HF
◉ S4. Answer: late diastole, hypertrophy of the vntricle
◉ SA - sinoatrial node. Answer: primary pacemaker
◉ summation gallop. Answer: abnormal sound created by the
presence of S1 and S2
◉ most muscular chamber of heart. Answer: left ventricle, it must
overcome high aortic and arterial pressure
◉ Two types of valves. Answer: AV and semilunar
◉ AV valve separate the atria from ventricle. Answer: tricuspid and
mitral (bicuspid)
, ◉ Tricuspid valve. Answer: separates the right atrium from the right
venricle
◉ Mitral valve. Answer: left atrium and left ventricle
◉ During diastole. Answer: tricuspid and mitral vale open, blood in
the atria flows into relaxed ventricles
◉ semilunar valves. Answer: pulmonic and aortic valve
◉ pulmonic valve. Answer: right ventricle and pulmonary artery
◉ aortic valve. Answer: left ventricle and aorta
◉ when heart rate increases, diastolic time shortened which may
not allow myocardial perfusion. Answer: as a result, patient at risk
for myocardial ischemia during tachycardias especially with CAD
◉ two types of electrical cells. Answer: nodal cells and Purkinje cells
◉ three physiological characteristics of nodal and purkinje cells.
Answer: automacity, exitability, conductivity
