SOC 220 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Mechanical Revolution - Answers -substitution of capital for labor,
Cotton gin
Threshing machine
Steel plow
Tractor
Structure of Agriculture - Answers -how farms, rural populations, and agribusiness firms
are arranged to produce and distribute food and fiber.
Tractors vs. hand picking
Food transportation
Mechanization
Average US Resident needs how many liters of oil? - Answers -2,000 liters, 19% total
energy usage
How much annual animal waste in China is there? - Answers -4 billion tons annually
(4.1X greater than industrial waste)
All food percentage of total Green house gases? - Answers -18% of total GG emissions
(up to 51%)
30 largest countries ($) spend how much day on food and agribusiness? - Answers -1
Billion
Global demand for phosphorus increase? - Answers -50-100% (fertilizer, meat
consumption, etc.)
Large studies in England and Germany showed that vegetarians were
about___________ likely to develop cancer compared to meat eaters? - Answers -40%
Global Food System - Answers -entire array of activities, input production and
distribution, on-farm activities, marketing, processing, whole sale, retail, that connect
seed to mouth of consumers.
Environmental impacts, Water: Thirsty commodities
Irrigation Efficiency: ratio of evaporates to saturate in soil - Answers -Gravity irrigation:
60% lost
Sprinkler 30-40% lost
Drip: up to 20% lost
Farmers irrigate for max yield, but could go
____________ , with half water usage? - Answers -80% yield
, Virtual water content of Beef? - Answers -12.56
Calories to water of Sugar Cane - Answers -3,423
Livestock sector generates how much of human GG emissions? - Answers -14.5%
Walter Goldschmidt - Answers -(USDA Anthropologist)
2 California communities in the 40s
Arvin: Non-family owned and operated farms
Dinuba: family farms the norm,
Concluded that: industrial ag had a negative impact on a variety of community quality of
life indicators
Smaller middle class, higher proportion of hired workers, low mean family incomes,
higher rates of poverty, poorer quality schools, fewer churches, civic organizations, and
retail establishments
Less control of public decisions, die to disproportional political influence by outside
agribusiness
CAFO's and You?, Neighbors? - Answers -higher levels of respiratory and digestive
disturbances
abnormally high rates of psychological disorders: anxiety, depression, sleep
disturbances
Abnormally high rates of asthma
PTSD residents living near
Reduction of quality of life and property values
Social tension
Green Revolution - Answers -(not so green)
refers to a series of strategies developed during the mid to late 20th century to combat
starvation by expanding production of staple food crops through crop breeding.
Food calorie revolution, sure, yes, a success
Green revolution links to micronutrient malnutrition
micronutrient malnutrition - Answers -diet lacking in sufficient quantities of
micronutrients,
More than 2 billion people suffering
Almost 2/3 of child deaths are attributed to nutritional deficiencies
Do companies that sell and generate this food responsible?
Diversity of crops has suffered as well
Radically alter dietary patters, long term effects on humanity
Monoculture - Answers -producing a single plant species
Mechanical Revolution - Answers -substitution of capital for labor,
Cotton gin
Threshing machine
Steel plow
Tractor
Structure of Agriculture - Answers -how farms, rural populations, and agribusiness firms
are arranged to produce and distribute food and fiber.
Tractors vs. hand picking
Food transportation
Mechanization
Average US Resident needs how many liters of oil? - Answers -2,000 liters, 19% total
energy usage
How much annual animal waste in China is there? - Answers -4 billion tons annually
(4.1X greater than industrial waste)
All food percentage of total Green house gases? - Answers -18% of total GG emissions
(up to 51%)
30 largest countries ($) spend how much day on food and agribusiness? - Answers -1
Billion
Global demand for phosphorus increase? - Answers -50-100% (fertilizer, meat
consumption, etc.)
Large studies in England and Germany showed that vegetarians were
about___________ likely to develop cancer compared to meat eaters? - Answers -40%
Global Food System - Answers -entire array of activities, input production and
distribution, on-farm activities, marketing, processing, whole sale, retail, that connect
seed to mouth of consumers.
Environmental impacts, Water: Thirsty commodities
Irrigation Efficiency: ratio of evaporates to saturate in soil - Answers -Gravity irrigation:
60% lost
Sprinkler 30-40% lost
Drip: up to 20% lost
Farmers irrigate for max yield, but could go
____________ , with half water usage? - Answers -80% yield
, Virtual water content of Beef? - Answers -12.56
Calories to water of Sugar Cane - Answers -3,423
Livestock sector generates how much of human GG emissions? - Answers -14.5%
Walter Goldschmidt - Answers -(USDA Anthropologist)
2 California communities in the 40s
Arvin: Non-family owned and operated farms
Dinuba: family farms the norm,
Concluded that: industrial ag had a negative impact on a variety of community quality of
life indicators
Smaller middle class, higher proportion of hired workers, low mean family incomes,
higher rates of poverty, poorer quality schools, fewer churches, civic organizations, and
retail establishments
Less control of public decisions, die to disproportional political influence by outside
agribusiness
CAFO's and You?, Neighbors? - Answers -higher levels of respiratory and digestive
disturbances
abnormally high rates of psychological disorders: anxiety, depression, sleep
disturbances
Abnormally high rates of asthma
PTSD residents living near
Reduction of quality of life and property values
Social tension
Green Revolution - Answers -(not so green)
refers to a series of strategies developed during the mid to late 20th century to combat
starvation by expanding production of staple food crops through crop breeding.
Food calorie revolution, sure, yes, a success
Green revolution links to micronutrient malnutrition
micronutrient malnutrition - Answers -diet lacking in sufficient quantities of
micronutrients,
More than 2 billion people suffering
Almost 2/3 of child deaths are attributed to nutritional deficiencies
Do companies that sell and generate this food responsible?
Diversity of crops has suffered as well
Radically alter dietary patters, long term effects on humanity
Monoculture - Answers -producing a single plant species
