SOC 220 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
An adaptable solution "locks-in" existing concepts and technologies, is able to respond
quickly to new challenges, and is resilient. - Answers -disagree
Weak environmental sustainability is maintaining total capital intact without regard to the
partitioning of that capital among the four kinds. (natural human, human-made, social).
This would imply that the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at least
within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource endowment. -
Answers -True
Received paradigms encourage us to think outside the box, to consider disruptive
change to envision or design alternatives to current systems. - Answers -false
Inputs may be perfect substitutes in that they must be used in a fixed ratio as part of a
production process - Answers -False
Diffusion is the spread of a technology through a society or industry. - Answers -true
In the three factor model of sustainability we seek to balance economic, social and
environmental sustainability factors in harmony. Match the following lists of
sustainability factors with their results. - Answers -Environmental and Economic
Sustainability - viable
Environmental, Social, and Economic Sustainability - sustainable
Social and Economic Sustainability - equitable
Environmental and Social Sustainability - bearable
A sustainable future with far fewer jobs is consistent with human flourishing as long as
people are able to obtain their basic and secondary needs from government programs
and/or charitable giving. - Answers -False
Some say that a sustainable society is one that can persist over generations; in this
course we consider a sustainable society to be one that can sustain human flourishing
over generations. - Answers -true
In his original paper 1995 paper entitled "The Concept of Environmental Sustainability"
Robert Goodland of The World Bank identified three types of sustainability. What are
those three types? - Answers -environmental sustainability, economic sustainability,
social sustainability
,Inputs may be substitutes in the sense that the quantity of one input can be decreased
and another one increased without reducing output - Answers -true
The following are examples of substitute pairs of inputs or products - Answers -Coal
and natural gas
Wind and solar energy
Nitrogen fertilizer and manure
Paper and plastic bags
The fact that firms must be profitable or return a level of profit no less than the "market
rate" of return is a constraint on sustainable solutions. - Answers -true
Sustainability and human flourishing are not mutually exclusive. - Answers -True
Match each of five constraints on sustainability we have discussed with a definition or
example. - Answers -Physical Possibility: satisfies laws of nature
Technological feasibility : can be implemented at a commercial scale
Economic Profitability: Return a level of p
Environmentally Sound: actions should not release significant toxic materials to the air,
land or water
Socially Acceptable: reduces income inequality without making others worse off
Economic sustainability refers to the ability of an economic system to produce a
constant or increasing standard of living over time. This is a goal or objective in which
we are interested. - Answers -true
Human produced technology is one example of a process that can promote human
flourishing much like a natural process such as the carbon cycle. - Answers -true
There has been increased discussion about the idea of providing a universal basic
income (UBI) in which all permanent residents of a country receive a regular, liveable
and unconditional sum of money from the government. Payment does not require the
recipient to work or look for work, and is independent of any other income. UBI is
consistent with the definitions of human flourishing we have discussed in this course. -
Answers -False
Strong Environmental Sustainability is maintaining total capital intact without regard to
the partitioning of that capital among the four kinds (Natural, Human, Human-made,
Social). This would imply that the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at
least within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource
endowment. - Answers -False
, A negative externality is an activity that imposes a negative effect on an unrelated party.
- Answers -true
In this course we have defined a paradigm as "A paradigm is a set of _____ that define
a______, _____ of ______ or approach to _______ at any particular period of time. -
Answers -practices
discipline
community
thought
problem solving
Which of the following are examples of resilience? - Answers -- Missing few classes
and making up work while having pneumonia during the winter in Iowa
- Developing new skills and moving from one sector to another for work as the demand
for products changes.
- Adapting to climate change by planting crops that are more consistent with a warmer
and drier climate.
We usually say that "solutions'' in sustainable economic systems must have a rate of
return (either from profits or some other source) that is no less than the "market rate of
return". - Answers -True
Which of the following are usually considered basic needs? - Answers -clothing, food,
shelter, water
Inputs may be substitutes in the sense that the quantity of one input can be decreased
and another one increased without reducing output - Answers -True
Sustainability and human flourishing are not mutually exclusive. - Answers -True
Suppose I want to design a hybrid car that weighs less than 3,200 pounds, gets 40 mpg
and can be produced for less than $23,000.
What is an appropriate constraint set? - Answers -The car must weigh less than 3,200
pounds, achieve at least 40 miles per gallon and have a production cost less than
$23,000.
The following are examples of complementary pairs of inputs or products - Answers -
Gallons of gasoline and fuel tank capacity
Sewing machines and thread
Computers and CAD/CAM software
If people in a social-ecological system are flourishing, the system is sustainable. -
Answers -false
An adaptable solution "locks-in" existing concepts and technologies, is able to respond
quickly to new challenges, and is resilient. - Answers -disagree
Weak environmental sustainability is maintaining total capital intact without regard to the
partitioning of that capital among the four kinds. (natural human, human-made, social).
This would imply that the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at least
within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource endowment. -
Answers -True
Received paradigms encourage us to think outside the box, to consider disruptive
change to envision or design alternatives to current systems. - Answers -false
Inputs may be perfect substitutes in that they must be used in a fixed ratio as part of a
production process - Answers -False
Diffusion is the spread of a technology through a society or industry. - Answers -true
In the three factor model of sustainability we seek to balance economic, social and
environmental sustainability factors in harmony. Match the following lists of
sustainability factors with their results. - Answers -Environmental and Economic
Sustainability - viable
Environmental, Social, and Economic Sustainability - sustainable
Social and Economic Sustainability - equitable
Environmental and Social Sustainability - bearable
A sustainable future with far fewer jobs is consistent with human flourishing as long as
people are able to obtain their basic and secondary needs from government programs
and/or charitable giving. - Answers -False
Some say that a sustainable society is one that can persist over generations; in this
course we consider a sustainable society to be one that can sustain human flourishing
over generations. - Answers -true
In his original paper 1995 paper entitled "The Concept of Environmental Sustainability"
Robert Goodland of The World Bank identified three types of sustainability. What are
those three types? - Answers -environmental sustainability, economic sustainability,
social sustainability
,Inputs may be substitutes in the sense that the quantity of one input can be decreased
and another one increased without reducing output - Answers -true
The following are examples of substitute pairs of inputs or products - Answers -Coal
and natural gas
Wind and solar energy
Nitrogen fertilizer and manure
Paper and plastic bags
The fact that firms must be profitable or return a level of profit no less than the "market
rate" of return is a constraint on sustainable solutions. - Answers -true
Sustainability and human flourishing are not mutually exclusive. - Answers -True
Match each of five constraints on sustainability we have discussed with a definition or
example. - Answers -Physical Possibility: satisfies laws of nature
Technological feasibility : can be implemented at a commercial scale
Economic Profitability: Return a level of p
Environmentally Sound: actions should not release significant toxic materials to the air,
land or water
Socially Acceptable: reduces income inequality without making others worse off
Economic sustainability refers to the ability of an economic system to produce a
constant or increasing standard of living over time. This is a goal or objective in which
we are interested. - Answers -true
Human produced technology is one example of a process that can promote human
flourishing much like a natural process such as the carbon cycle. - Answers -true
There has been increased discussion about the idea of providing a universal basic
income (UBI) in which all permanent residents of a country receive a regular, liveable
and unconditional sum of money from the government. Payment does not require the
recipient to work or look for work, and is independent of any other income. UBI is
consistent with the definitions of human flourishing we have discussed in this course. -
Answers -False
Strong Environmental Sustainability is maintaining total capital intact without regard to
the partitioning of that capital among the four kinds (Natural, Human, Human-made,
Social). This would imply that the various kinds of capital are more or less substitutes, at
least within the boundaries of current levels of economic activity and resource
endowment. - Answers -False
, A negative externality is an activity that imposes a negative effect on an unrelated party.
- Answers -true
In this course we have defined a paradigm as "A paradigm is a set of _____ that define
a______, _____ of ______ or approach to _______ at any particular period of time. -
Answers -practices
discipline
community
thought
problem solving
Which of the following are examples of resilience? - Answers -- Missing few classes
and making up work while having pneumonia during the winter in Iowa
- Developing new skills and moving from one sector to another for work as the demand
for products changes.
- Adapting to climate change by planting crops that are more consistent with a warmer
and drier climate.
We usually say that "solutions'' in sustainable economic systems must have a rate of
return (either from profits or some other source) that is no less than the "market rate of
return". - Answers -True
Which of the following are usually considered basic needs? - Answers -clothing, food,
shelter, water
Inputs may be substitutes in the sense that the quantity of one input can be decreased
and another one increased without reducing output - Answers -True
Sustainability and human flourishing are not mutually exclusive. - Answers -True
Suppose I want to design a hybrid car that weighs less than 3,200 pounds, gets 40 mpg
and can be produced for less than $23,000.
What is an appropriate constraint set? - Answers -The car must weigh less than 3,200
pounds, achieve at least 40 miles per gallon and have a production cost less than
$23,000.
The following are examples of complementary pairs of inputs or products - Answers -
Gallons of gasoline and fuel tank capacity
Sewing machines and thread
Computers and CAD/CAM software
If people in a social-ecological system are flourishing, the system is sustainable. -
Answers -false
