CURRENT Diagnosis and Treatment Pediatrics
EXAM PREP 2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+
<REVISED NEWEST VERSION>
1. A 14 y female girl developed a "cold" about 2 weeks ago. One week ago, the
symptoms started to improve slightly, but then worsened. She complains of
significant nasal congestion and headache. She has not been taking any OTC
meds. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ Acute bacterial
rhinosinusitis
2. A 3yr old girl is brought in after 2 days of nonbilious vomiting, which is
improving, and about 6 hours of watery, nonbloody diarrhea. Her 5yr old
brother had similar symptoms last week, and is still having some diarrhea.
What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ Acute gastroenteritis
3. A 4yr old boy is admitted to the PICU following near drowning. He is in
respiratory distress and has a chest radiograph suggestive of pulmonary
edema. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS)
4. A 9yr old girl has itchy nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing every spring.
On exam, she has red, swollen nasal turbinates, What treatment options are
available for her? - ANSWER ✔ - Intranasal Corticosteroids
- Oral and intranasal antihistamines
- leukotriene antagonists
- nasal saline rinses
, Allergic Rhinitis
5. "A 3-year-old girl on amoxicillin for otitis media presents with continued
fever and swollen, tender, reddened area behind her pinna. What is your
diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ mastoiditis
6. "A 15-month-old boy was seen for a viral upper respiratory infection. About
3 weeks later, he returns and appears ill. He is pale with weak and thready
pulses. He is tachycardic. His heart sounds are muffled. Crackles are present
at both lung bases. His liver is enlarged. What is the most likely diagnosis?"
- ANSWER ✔ myocarditis
7. "A worried mother brings her 3-month-old infant to clinic with concerns that
he is constantly "crying" out of his right eye. The right eye is also very
crusted when he awakes in the morning. She has not noted the eye to be
particularly red. What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Nasolacrimal duct
obstruction
8. "A 9-year-old boy presents with snoring, frequent nighttime awakenings,
daytime fatigue, and poor school performance. What test should you order?"
- ANSWER ✔ Polysomnogram for Obstructive sleep apnea
9. "A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a red and
swollen right eyelid and fever. His father reports that the child has had a cold
for the past 2 weeks. On examination, proptosis is noted, as well as
decreased eye movements and pain with eye movement. What is your
diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Orbital cellulitis
10."A 3-year-old presents with 1 week of cold symptoms, fever, pulling on
right ear, and decreased sleep. The right ear appears red, is immobile, and
has a bullous lesion on the lower aspect of the tympanic membrane. You
, suspect otitis media. What is the first line of treatment?" - ANSWER ✔
Amoxicillin
11."A sexually active 17-year-old girl presents with abdominal pain, vaginal
discharge, and fever. On examination, she has cervical motion tenderness
and adnexal tenderness. The cervical specimens are negative for Gonorrhea
and Chlamydia. What is the most likely diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID)
12."A 14-year-old boy presents with a severe sore throat and high fever. He has
difficulty swallowing due to the pain, and is unable to open his mouth
completely. What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Peritonsillar abscess or
cellulitis
13."A 7-year-old boy is brought in for evaluation of 3 days of sore throat, fever,
and a headache. He has had minimal runny nose, but no cough. His mother
is concerned he might have "strep throat." What is your diagnosis?" -
ANSWER ✔ Streptococcal Pharyngitis
14."A 7-year-old boy is brought in for evaluation of 3 days of sore throat, low-
grade fever, runny nose, congestion, and cough. His mother is concerned he
might have "strep throat." What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Viral
Pharyngitis
15."A 7-year-old with recent strep pharyngitis presents with swollen face and
feet, dark-colored urine, headache, and hypertension. What is your
diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
16."A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a red and
swollen right eyelid. His father noticed a "mosquito bite" near his eye two
, nights ago. The patient has a low-grade fever. His extraocular movements
are intact. What is the most likely diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Preseptal
(periorbital) cellulitis
17."An infant is seen for his two week well child visit. The parents report that
the child has forceful spitting up ("like a grown man") following feeds. What
is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ pyloric stenosis
18."A 32-week gestation infant has persistent respiratory distress following
delivery. A chest x-ray is diffusely hazy with air bronchograms. What is
your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
19."A 4-month-old female infant presents with unilateral white pupillary reflex
on routine examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔
Retinoblastoma
20."Which disease of infants results from incomplete vascularization of the
retina? What are the two most significant risk factors?" - ANSWER ✔
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
- prematurity and low birth weight
21."At a child's 12 month well child visit, his mother notes that one of his eyes
will sometimes "wander." On examination, he has an asymmetric corneal
light reflex and is noted to have refixation movements when an alternate
cover test is performed. What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ strabismus
22."A 4-year-old boy presents with sudden onset episodes of turning blue and
shortness of breath. What heart abnormality is it?" - ANSWER ✔ Tetrology
of Fallot (TOF)
EXAM PREP 2026/2027 ACCURATE QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
ALREADY GRADED A+
<REVISED NEWEST VERSION>
1. A 14 y female girl developed a "cold" about 2 weeks ago. One week ago, the
symptoms started to improve slightly, but then worsened. She complains of
significant nasal congestion and headache. She has not been taking any OTC
meds. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ Acute bacterial
rhinosinusitis
2. A 3yr old girl is brought in after 2 days of nonbilious vomiting, which is
improving, and about 6 hours of watery, nonbloody diarrhea. Her 5yr old
brother had similar symptoms last week, and is still having some diarrhea.
What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ Acute gastroenteritis
3. A 4yr old boy is admitted to the PICU following near drowning. He is in
respiratory distress and has a chest radiograph suggestive of pulmonary
edema. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ANSWER ✔ acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS)
4. A 9yr old girl has itchy nose, nasal congestion, and sneezing every spring.
On exam, she has red, swollen nasal turbinates, What treatment options are
available for her? - ANSWER ✔ - Intranasal Corticosteroids
- Oral and intranasal antihistamines
- leukotriene antagonists
- nasal saline rinses
, Allergic Rhinitis
5. "A 3-year-old girl on amoxicillin for otitis media presents with continued
fever and swollen, tender, reddened area behind her pinna. What is your
diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ mastoiditis
6. "A 15-month-old boy was seen for a viral upper respiratory infection. About
3 weeks later, he returns and appears ill. He is pale with weak and thready
pulses. He is tachycardic. His heart sounds are muffled. Crackles are present
at both lung bases. His liver is enlarged. What is the most likely diagnosis?"
- ANSWER ✔ myocarditis
7. "A worried mother brings her 3-month-old infant to clinic with concerns that
he is constantly "crying" out of his right eye. The right eye is also very
crusted when he awakes in the morning. She has not noted the eye to be
particularly red. What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Nasolacrimal duct
obstruction
8. "A 9-year-old boy presents with snoring, frequent nighttime awakenings,
daytime fatigue, and poor school performance. What test should you order?"
- ANSWER ✔ Polysomnogram for Obstructive sleep apnea
9. "A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a red and
swollen right eyelid and fever. His father reports that the child has had a cold
for the past 2 weeks. On examination, proptosis is noted, as well as
decreased eye movements and pain with eye movement. What is your
diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Orbital cellulitis
10."A 3-year-old presents with 1 week of cold symptoms, fever, pulling on
right ear, and decreased sleep. The right ear appears red, is immobile, and
has a bullous lesion on the lower aspect of the tympanic membrane. You
, suspect otitis media. What is the first line of treatment?" - ANSWER ✔
Amoxicillin
11."A sexually active 17-year-old girl presents with abdominal pain, vaginal
discharge, and fever. On examination, she has cervical motion tenderness
and adnexal tenderness. The cervical specimens are negative for Gonorrhea
and Chlamydia. What is the most likely diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ pelvic
inflammatory disease (PID)
12."A 14-year-old boy presents with a severe sore throat and high fever. He has
difficulty swallowing due to the pain, and is unable to open his mouth
completely. What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Peritonsillar abscess or
cellulitis
13."A 7-year-old boy is brought in for evaluation of 3 days of sore throat, fever,
and a headache. He has had minimal runny nose, but no cough. His mother
is concerned he might have "strep throat." What is your diagnosis?" -
ANSWER ✔ Streptococcal Pharyngitis
14."A 7-year-old boy is brought in for evaluation of 3 days of sore throat, low-
grade fever, runny nose, congestion, and cough. His mother is concerned he
might have "strep throat." What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Viral
Pharyngitis
15."A 7-year-old with recent strep pharyngitis presents with swollen face and
feet, dark-colored urine, headache, and hypertension. What is your
diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
16."A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with a red and
swollen right eyelid. His father noticed a "mosquito bite" near his eye two
, nights ago. The patient has a low-grade fever. His extraocular movements
are intact. What is the most likely diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ Preseptal
(periorbital) cellulitis
17."An infant is seen for his two week well child visit. The parents report that
the child has forceful spitting up ("like a grown man") following feeds. What
is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ pyloric stenosis
18."A 32-week gestation infant has persistent respiratory distress following
delivery. A chest x-ray is diffusely hazy with air bronchograms. What is
your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
19."A 4-month-old female infant presents with unilateral white pupillary reflex
on routine examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔
Retinoblastoma
20."Which disease of infants results from incomplete vascularization of the
retina? What are the two most significant risk factors?" - ANSWER ✔
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
- prematurity and low birth weight
21."At a child's 12 month well child visit, his mother notes that one of his eyes
will sometimes "wander." On examination, he has an asymmetric corneal
light reflex and is noted to have refixation movements when an alternate
cover test is performed. What is your diagnosis?" - ANSWER ✔ strabismus
22."A 4-year-old boy presents with sudden onset episodes of turning blue and
shortness of breath. What heart abnormality is it?" - ANSWER ✔ Tetrology
of Fallot (TOF)
