PSC 130 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
Forms of memory - Answers -Sensory, Working, Long Term memory
Long Term Memory catagories - Answers -Declarative (explicit) and implicit
Declarative Memory - Answers -Semantic
Episodic
Non-Declarative Memory - Answers -Priming, Conditioning, Implicit learning
Sensory memory - Answers -Transient form of memory (100-200ms)
Iconic Memory is - Answers -Visual, Transient, large capacity
STM - Answers -small capacity, longer duration,
STM vs LTM - Answers -STM: limited, rapid input and retrieval
LTM: limitless, slow input and retrieval
Limited Capacity of STM - Answers -Memory Span = 5-8 (7 +/-2) digits
4+/- 1 chunks
Modal Model of STM - Answers -Sensory registers lead to STM which leads to LTM
STM is bottleneck for LTM
Serial Position Effects - Answers -Memory is enhanced for items early and late in list
for free recall experiement
Primacy Effect - Answers -People spend more time processing items that are early in
list b/c more time to rehearse
modal model: more time in on each item = more likely to transfer to LTM
Recency - Answers -Ratio Rule: Time between items/time between end of list and
recall
STS/LTS neurally distinct ? - Answers -HM: deficit in LTM but normal digit span (STM)
KF: normal performance on verbal LTM, word association task but severely impaired
digit span
Double dissociation of STM/LTM
, How can STM be affected w/o affecting LTM - Answers -PV: selective STM deficit, digit
span of 2
Normal paired association for meaningful words, but unable to learn association
between pronounceable non-words
Impaired STM for phonological info
Intact LTM for meaningful words
Impaired LTM for meaningless words
WM Model - Answers -Central Executive
Phonological Loop
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Central Executive - Answers -attentional control system
Phonological Loop - Answers -Mediates Speech-based auditory rehearsal
2 components: articulatory loop and phonological store
Visuospatial Sketchpad - Answers -Mediates visual mental imagery
Difference between WM and Modal Model - Answers -Separated
maintenance/rehearsal processes from control processes
Separately accounts for verbal/visual maintenance
Phonological Loop II - Answers -Feedback between 2 components = subvocal
rehearsal
Phonological Similarity Effect - Answers -Similar is harder to recall than different
Articulatory Suppression - Answers -Force subject to repeat word over and over while
learning
WM Model predicts: should take over articulatory processes and interfere w/subvocal
rehearsal of items
Result: if articulation is related to verbal STM, articulation should impair performance
Evidence for Phonological Loop - Answers -Word length effect
recall decreases with number of syllables in words learned
Length of time required to pronounce words
Forms of memory - Answers -Sensory, Working, Long Term memory
Long Term Memory catagories - Answers -Declarative (explicit) and implicit
Declarative Memory - Answers -Semantic
Episodic
Non-Declarative Memory - Answers -Priming, Conditioning, Implicit learning
Sensory memory - Answers -Transient form of memory (100-200ms)
Iconic Memory is - Answers -Visual, Transient, large capacity
STM - Answers -small capacity, longer duration,
STM vs LTM - Answers -STM: limited, rapid input and retrieval
LTM: limitless, slow input and retrieval
Limited Capacity of STM - Answers -Memory Span = 5-8 (7 +/-2) digits
4+/- 1 chunks
Modal Model of STM - Answers -Sensory registers lead to STM which leads to LTM
STM is bottleneck for LTM
Serial Position Effects - Answers -Memory is enhanced for items early and late in list
for free recall experiement
Primacy Effect - Answers -People spend more time processing items that are early in
list b/c more time to rehearse
modal model: more time in on each item = more likely to transfer to LTM
Recency - Answers -Ratio Rule: Time between items/time between end of list and
recall
STS/LTS neurally distinct ? - Answers -HM: deficit in LTM but normal digit span (STM)
KF: normal performance on verbal LTM, word association task but severely impaired
digit span
Double dissociation of STM/LTM
, How can STM be affected w/o affecting LTM - Answers -PV: selective STM deficit, digit
span of 2
Normal paired association for meaningful words, but unable to learn association
between pronounceable non-words
Impaired STM for phonological info
Intact LTM for meaningful words
Impaired LTM for meaningless words
WM Model - Answers -Central Executive
Phonological Loop
Visuospatial Sketchpad
Central Executive - Answers -attentional control system
Phonological Loop - Answers -Mediates Speech-based auditory rehearsal
2 components: articulatory loop and phonological store
Visuospatial Sketchpad - Answers -Mediates visual mental imagery
Difference between WM and Modal Model - Answers -Separated
maintenance/rehearsal processes from control processes
Separately accounts for verbal/visual maintenance
Phonological Loop II - Answers -Feedback between 2 components = subvocal
rehearsal
Phonological Similarity Effect - Answers -Similar is harder to recall than different
Articulatory Suppression - Answers -Force subject to repeat word over and over while
learning
WM Model predicts: should take over articulatory processes and interfere w/subvocal
rehearsal of items
Result: if articulation is related to verbal STM, articulation should impair performance
Evidence for Phonological Loop - Answers -Word length effect
recall decreases with number of syllables in words learned
Length of time required to pronounce words
