ADVANCED P MN551 MIDTERM SAMPLE EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
• A client was involved in an auto accident and suffered massive internal
injuries that resulted in a large blood loss. Select the type of anemia the
client is at greatest risk to develop.
A: Blood loss
Explanation:
The clinical manifestations and red cell changes associated with blood loss
anemia depend on the rate of hemorrhage and whether the bleeding loss
is internal or external. The effects of acute blood loss are mainly due to loss
of intravascular volume, which can lead to cardiovascular collapse and
shock. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by the premature destruction of
red cells. The usual reason for iron deficiency in adults in the Western
world is chronic blood loss. Aplastic anemia describes a disorder of
pluripotential bone marrow stem cells.
• The nurse is caring for a client who is a strict vegetarian; the client is at
greatest risk for the development of: A: Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Explanation:
Vitamin B12 is found in all foods of animal origin. Dietary deficiency is rare
and usually found only in strict vegetarians who avoid all dairy products as
well as meat and fish. The hallmark of vitamin B12 deficiency is
megaloblastic anemia. The other options are not affected by the client
being a vegetarian.
,ADVANCED P MN551 MIDTERM SAMPLE EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
• The rate at which hemoglobin is synthesized depends on availability of
which of the following?
A: Iron Explanation:
The rate at which hemoglobin is synthesized depends on the availabilty of
iron for heme sythesis.
• An elderly client asks the nurse why so many older people develop anemia.
The best response would be:
A: Chronic disease
Explanation:
In most asymptomatic elderly persons, lower hemoglobin levels result
from iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease.
• The nurse is reviewing the client's laboratory data showing an increased
mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and a normal mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The client most likely has which of the
following types of anemia?
A: Megaloblastic anemia
Explanation:
Megaloblastic anemias are caused by impaired DNA synthesis that results
in enlarged red cells (MCV
>100 fL). The other types of anemia do not affect the MCV or MCHC.
,ADVANCED P MN551 MIDTERM SAMPLE EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
• Which of the following is the most abundant type of plasma proteins? A:
Albumin
Explanation:
Albumin makes up approximately 54% of the plasma proteins.
Although the others are made up plasma proteins, they are in the plasma
in smaller numbers than is albumin.
• A patient presents to his physician with a red face, hands, feet, and ears; a
headache; and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of
erythrocytes. Based on the laboratory results, the nurse prepares teaching
material for which disease process?
A: Polycythemia
Explanation:
Unregulated overproduction of the red cell mass is termed polycythemia.
• A patient presents to the clinic with symptoms of elevated blood pressure,
dizziness, red face, pain in fingers and toes, headache, and difficulty
concentrating. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes.
Based on these findings, the nurse anticipates which of the following
diagnoses?
A: Polycythemia vera
, ADVANCED P MN551 MIDTERM SAMPLE EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
Explanation:
Polycythemia vera is a neoplastic disease of the pluripotent cells of the
bone marrow characterized by an absolute increase in total red blood cell
mass accompanied by elevated white cell and platelet counts. In
polycythemia vera, the clinical manifestations are hypertension, headache,
dizziness, inability to concentrate, and some difficulty with hearing and
vision because of decreased cerebral blood flow. Venous stasis gives rise to
a plethoric appearance or dusky redness, even cyanosis, particularly of the
lips, fingernails, and mucous
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
• A client was involved in an auto accident and suffered massive internal
injuries that resulted in a large blood loss. Select the type of anemia the
client is at greatest risk to develop.
A: Blood loss
Explanation:
The clinical manifestations and red cell changes associated with blood loss
anemia depend on the rate of hemorrhage and whether the bleeding loss
is internal or external. The effects of acute blood loss are mainly due to loss
of intravascular volume, which can lead to cardiovascular collapse and
shock. Hemolytic anemia is characterized by the premature destruction of
red cells. The usual reason for iron deficiency in adults in the Western
world is chronic blood loss. Aplastic anemia describes a disorder of
pluripotential bone marrow stem cells.
• The nurse is caring for a client who is a strict vegetarian; the client is at
greatest risk for the development of: A: Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Explanation:
Vitamin B12 is found in all foods of animal origin. Dietary deficiency is rare
and usually found only in strict vegetarians who avoid all dairy products as
well as meat and fish. The hallmark of vitamin B12 deficiency is
megaloblastic anemia. The other options are not affected by the client
being a vegetarian.
,ADVANCED P MN551 MIDTERM SAMPLE EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
• The rate at which hemoglobin is synthesized depends on availability of
which of the following?
A: Iron Explanation:
The rate at which hemoglobin is synthesized depends on the availabilty of
iron for heme sythesis.
• An elderly client asks the nurse why so many older people develop anemia.
The best response would be:
A: Chronic disease
Explanation:
In most asymptomatic elderly persons, lower hemoglobin levels result
from iron deficiency and anemia of chronic disease.
• The nurse is reviewing the client's laboratory data showing an increased
mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and a normal mean corpuscular
hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The client most likely has which of the
following types of anemia?
A: Megaloblastic anemia
Explanation:
Megaloblastic anemias are caused by impaired DNA synthesis that results
in enlarged red cells (MCV
>100 fL). The other types of anemia do not affect the MCV or MCHC.
,ADVANCED P MN551 MIDTERM SAMPLE EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
• Which of the following is the most abundant type of plasma proteins? A:
Albumin
Explanation:
Albumin makes up approximately 54% of the plasma proteins.
Although the others are made up plasma proteins, they are in the plasma
in smaller numbers than is albumin.
• A patient presents to his physician with a red face, hands, feet, and ears; a
headache; and drowsiness. A blood smear reveals an increased number of
erythrocytes. Based on the laboratory results, the nurse prepares teaching
material for which disease process?
A: Polycythemia
Explanation:
Unregulated overproduction of the red cell mass is termed polycythemia.
• A patient presents to the clinic with symptoms of elevated blood pressure,
dizziness, red face, pain in fingers and toes, headache, and difficulty
concentrating. A blood smear reveals an increased number of erythrocytes.
Based on these findings, the nurse anticipates which of the following
diagnoses?
A: Polycythemia vera
, ADVANCED P MN551 MIDTERM SAMPLE EXAM 1 Questions
and Answers Explained 100% Correct/Certified New Update
2025/2026
Explanation:
Polycythemia vera is a neoplastic disease of the pluripotent cells of the
bone marrow characterized by an absolute increase in total red blood cell
mass accompanied by elevated white cell and platelet counts. In
polycythemia vera, the clinical manifestations are hypertension, headache,
dizziness, inability to concentrate, and some difficulty with hearing and
vision because of decreased cerebral blood flow. Venous stasis gives rise to
a plethoric appearance or dusky redness, even cyanosis, particularly of the
lips, fingernails, and mucous
