N144 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ACCURATE ANSWERS
5 levels nurses progress as they acquire skilled proficiency and professional behavior -
ANSWER 1. Novice-no experience, relies on theory, guidelines, and policies. Lacks
discretionary judgment and focuses on task performance.
2. Advanced beginner-some task and situational experience, focus on task and rules
with littlw abulity to take the complexity of the situatuon into consideration.
3. Competent- actions are viewed in terms of long-term goals and feelings of mastery;
speed and flexibility lacking
4. Proficient-perceives situation as a whole rather than in parts, decision making easier
with focus on most important attributes
5. Expert- has intuitive grasp of the situation and readily zeros in on the problem and
solution without spending much time problem solving
Compassion - ANSWER Awareness of, concern about other individuals' suffering
Integrity - ANSWER Adherence to moral and ethical principles
abuse of power - ANSWER the misuse of authority for harmful, unethical, or illegal ends
Standards of Practice - ANSWER descriptions of the responsibilities for which nurses
are accountable
autonomy - ANSWER independence at work, responsibility, and accountability for one's
actions
Comfort assessment - ANSWER Nurse is responsible for assessing the clients level of
comfort, and providing effective interventions.
,Client Education - ANSWER Nurse accountable for client education concerning all
aspects of care.
-assess client and family learning needs
-assess readiness to learn
-design and implement appropriate educational interventions
Common guideline for professional attire and demeanor - ANSWER Dress
-no excessive jewelry
-hair secured away from contact with individual receiving care
-personal cleanliness
-clean uniform clothing
Why?
-jewelry may harbor pathogens and threaten client safety
-hair tied back prevents contamination of sterile field
-hygiene prevents client discomfort
-clean uniform promotes good sanitation and building trust with client
Demeanor
-avoid loud talking
-maintain positive attitude
-avoid taking personal calls at work
-keep workstation organized
-never breach client confidentiality
-do not complain to clients or visitors
-do not use illegal substances
Why?
-Respect clients needs for rest
,-encouragement and respect for clients and families
-respect for peers
-focus on client care
-avoid violation of HIPAA
-self respect and client safety
advocacy - ANSWER support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something
To be an effective advocate - ANSWER Be assertive, recognize rights and values of
clients and families must take precedence when they conflict with healthcare providers,
be aware conflicts may arise over issues that require consultation, confrontation, or
negotiation between nurse and admin personnel or provider, understand that advocacy
may require political action.
4 dimensions of advocacy - ANSWER 1. Being a client advocate
2. Following through and following up
3. Providing resources
4. Going above and beyond
Ethics - ANSWER A system of moral principles.
altruism - ANSWER concern for the welfare of others; unselfishness
Social Justice - ANSWER Upholding of justice or what is fair
moral dilemma - ANSWER A conflict of social values and ethical principles that support
different courses of action.
evidence based practice - ANSWER use of the best clinical evidence in making patient
, care decisions
3 components of evidence based practice - ANSWER 1. Current strong evidence
2. Clinical expertise
3. Client perspectives
Nursing Research - ANSWER Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of
importance to the nursing profession
Examples:
What are links between diet and the development of diabetes and cardiovascular
disease?
Is a new drug or medical device more effective than one already on the market?
PICOT - ANSWER Develops foreground questions that apply evidence based practice to
clinical situations and problems
PICOT question - ANSWER P- population (what is common factor in group)
I-issue of interest (what will be done to clients)
C-comparison (what is the difference in intervention being used)
O-outcomes (what is desired effect)
T- Time frames (how long will study last)
Primary prevention - ANSWER Avoids development of disease as much as possible,
promotes healthy living.
secondary prevention - ANSWER early disease detection and prompt intervention to
prevent complication
ACCURATE ANSWERS
5 levels nurses progress as they acquire skilled proficiency and professional behavior -
ANSWER 1. Novice-no experience, relies on theory, guidelines, and policies. Lacks
discretionary judgment and focuses on task performance.
2. Advanced beginner-some task and situational experience, focus on task and rules
with littlw abulity to take the complexity of the situatuon into consideration.
3. Competent- actions are viewed in terms of long-term goals and feelings of mastery;
speed and flexibility lacking
4. Proficient-perceives situation as a whole rather than in parts, decision making easier
with focus on most important attributes
5. Expert- has intuitive grasp of the situation and readily zeros in on the problem and
solution without spending much time problem solving
Compassion - ANSWER Awareness of, concern about other individuals' suffering
Integrity - ANSWER Adherence to moral and ethical principles
abuse of power - ANSWER the misuse of authority for harmful, unethical, or illegal ends
Standards of Practice - ANSWER descriptions of the responsibilities for which nurses
are accountable
autonomy - ANSWER independence at work, responsibility, and accountability for one's
actions
Comfort assessment - ANSWER Nurse is responsible for assessing the clients level of
comfort, and providing effective interventions.
,Client Education - ANSWER Nurse accountable for client education concerning all
aspects of care.
-assess client and family learning needs
-assess readiness to learn
-design and implement appropriate educational interventions
Common guideline for professional attire and demeanor - ANSWER Dress
-no excessive jewelry
-hair secured away from contact with individual receiving care
-personal cleanliness
-clean uniform clothing
Why?
-jewelry may harbor pathogens and threaten client safety
-hair tied back prevents contamination of sterile field
-hygiene prevents client discomfort
-clean uniform promotes good sanitation and building trust with client
Demeanor
-avoid loud talking
-maintain positive attitude
-avoid taking personal calls at work
-keep workstation organized
-never breach client confidentiality
-do not complain to clients or visitors
-do not use illegal substances
Why?
-Respect clients needs for rest
,-encouragement and respect for clients and families
-respect for peers
-focus on client care
-avoid violation of HIPAA
-self respect and client safety
advocacy - ANSWER support; active pleading on behalf of someone or something
To be an effective advocate - ANSWER Be assertive, recognize rights and values of
clients and families must take precedence when they conflict with healthcare providers,
be aware conflicts may arise over issues that require consultation, confrontation, or
negotiation between nurse and admin personnel or provider, understand that advocacy
may require political action.
4 dimensions of advocacy - ANSWER 1. Being a client advocate
2. Following through and following up
3. Providing resources
4. Going above and beyond
Ethics - ANSWER A system of moral principles.
altruism - ANSWER concern for the welfare of others; unselfishness
Social Justice - ANSWER Upholding of justice or what is fair
moral dilemma - ANSWER A conflict of social values and ethical principles that support
different courses of action.
evidence based practice - ANSWER use of the best clinical evidence in making patient
, care decisions
3 components of evidence based practice - ANSWER 1. Current strong evidence
2. Clinical expertise
3. Client perspectives
Nursing Research - ANSWER Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of
importance to the nursing profession
Examples:
What are links between diet and the development of diabetes and cardiovascular
disease?
Is a new drug or medical device more effective than one already on the market?
PICOT - ANSWER Develops foreground questions that apply evidence based practice to
clinical situations and problems
PICOT question - ANSWER P- population (what is common factor in group)
I-issue of interest (what will be done to clients)
C-comparison (what is the difference in intervention being used)
O-outcomes (what is desired effect)
T- Time frames (how long will study last)
Primary prevention - ANSWER Avoids development of disease as much as possible,
promotes healthy living.
secondary prevention - ANSWER early disease detection and prompt intervention to
prevent complication
