MCB 461 Exam 1 || 100% Correct.
What revolutionized neuroscience? correct answers histology (compound microscopes, fixation
method, Stain methods)
Continuity hypothesis correct answers Idea that neurites of different cells are fused together to
form a continuous reticulum and that this fusion is how they communicate in the brain (golgi)
Golgi stain correct answers Helps visualize neurons in entirety, revealing the soma and neurites
(axon and dendrites) of small percentage of neurons
Neuron doctrine correct answers communicate by contact not continuity. Information storage in
the brain results from alteration in synaptic connections between neurons in a neuronal circuit
What happens in the nucleus correct answers transcription
What happens in the cytoplasm? correct answers translation, modification, regulation
Whats the difference between axon and soma/dendrites? correct answers ER does not extend into
the axon, the protein composition is unique
Golgi type I neurons correct answers Have long axons that extend to other parts of the brain
Golgi type II neurons correct answers short axons that extend in vicinity of the cell body
What percent of the brain is glia cells? correct answers 90%
radial glia correct answers guide neuronal migration
Oligodendrocytes correct answers Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework
myelinating glia correct answers Produce myelin which insulates axon for rapid nerve
conduction
What do oligodendrocytes use to myelinate the CNS? correct answers proteolipid protein (PLP)
How many extensions from an oligodendrocyte can myelinate neurons correct answers multiple
extensions from one can myelinate up to 50 neurons
Schwann cells correct answers myelinate the PNS using pertain zero (P0)
Astrocytes correct answers -Important for maintaining homeostasis. 20-50% of total cells in the
brain
-Fill in spaces between neurons and fence in neurons and oligodendrocytes.
-Cover the surface of the capillaries by providing perivascular end feet. Make cuff around the
nodes of Ranvier.
, -Produce growth factors. Induce and matting tight junctions in endothelial cells that form the
BBB
-Role in migration of neurons during development
-Regulate chemical content of extracellular space by absorbing excess neurotransmitters, spatial
buffering, detox
Microglia correct answers -phagocytosis of degenerating cells that had undergone programmed
cell death during development
-Secrete cytokines and growth factor important for fiber tract development, gliogenesis, and
angiogenesis
-Mediators of immune responses in the CNS
endothelial cells correct answers Form cerebral vasculature that maintains the intracerebral
milieu, applies oxygen, forms BBB
What areas don't have BBB correct answers area postrema, periventricular organs like the
hypothalamus, and pineal body
Why do areas lack a BBB? correct answers peptides and other physiological signals in the blood
have direct access to neurons of brain areas with vital autonomic control of the body
(cardiovascular function, feeding and metabolism)
What are the differences between the cytoplasm of axon terminal and axon? correct answers no
microtubules in the terminal
-Present of synaptic vesicles in terminal
-abundance of membrane proteins and and mitochondria
When do dendrites vs axons form correct answers dendrites: after the axon as formed
Axon: during neuronal differentiation
branches on axons vs dendrites correct answers axon: distal from cell body, similar in diameter
as the parent axon
Dendrites: continuous with the perikaryal cytoplasm.
are dendrites myelinated? correct answers no
Where are the ribosomes? correct answers Both rER and polysomes in the dendrites but not the
axon
Whats in the cytoplasm? correct answers all the contents of a cell membrane including organelles
but not nucleus
What organelles are in the soma? correct answers nucleus, ER, mitochondria, golgi, endocytic
vesicles
What revolutionized neuroscience? correct answers histology (compound microscopes, fixation
method, Stain methods)
Continuity hypothesis correct answers Idea that neurites of different cells are fused together to
form a continuous reticulum and that this fusion is how they communicate in the brain (golgi)
Golgi stain correct answers Helps visualize neurons in entirety, revealing the soma and neurites
(axon and dendrites) of small percentage of neurons
Neuron doctrine correct answers communicate by contact not continuity. Information storage in
the brain results from alteration in synaptic connections between neurons in a neuronal circuit
What happens in the nucleus correct answers transcription
What happens in the cytoplasm? correct answers translation, modification, regulation
Whats the difference between axon and soma/dendrites? correct answers ER does not extend into
the axon, the protein composition is unique
Golgi type I neurons correct answers Have long axons that extend to other parts of the brain
Golgi type II neurons correct answers short axons that extend in vicinity of the cell body
What percent of the brain is glia cells? correct answers 90%
radial glia correct answers guide neuronal migration
Oligodendrocytes correct answers Myelinate CNS axons; provide structural framework
myelinating glia correct answers Produce myelin which insulates axon for rapid nerve
conduction
What do oligodendrocytes use to myelinate the CNS? correct answers proteolipid protein (PLP)
How many extensions from an oligodendrocyte can myelinate neurons correct answers multiple
extensions from one can myelinate up to 50 neurons
Schwann cells correct answers myelinate the PNS using pertain zero (P0)
Astrocytes correct answers -Important for maintaining homeostasis. 20-50% of total cells in the
brain
-Fill in spaces between neurons and fence in neurons and oligodendrocytes.
-Cover the surface of the capillaries by providing perivascular end feet. Make cuff around the
nodes of Ranvier.
, -Produce growth factors. Induce and matting tight junctions in endothelial cells that form the
BBB
-Role in migration of neurons during development
-Regulate chemical content of extracellular space by absorbing excess neurotransmitters, spatial
buffering, detox
Microglia correct answers -phagocytosis of degenerating cells that had undergone programmed
cell death during development
-Secrete cytokines and growth factor important for fiber tract development, gliogenesis, and
angiogenesis
-Mediators of immune responses in the CNS
endothelial cells correct answers Form cerebral vasculature that maintains the intracerebral
milieu, applies oxygen, forms BBB
What areas don't have BBB correct answers area postrema, periventricular organs like the
hypothalamus, and pineal body
Why do areas lack a BBB? correct answers peptides and other physiological signals in the blood
have direct access to neurons of brain areas with vital autonomic control of the body
(cardiovascular function, feeding and metabolism)
What are the differences between the cytoplasm of axon terminal and axon? correct answers no
microtubules in the terminal
-Present of synaptic vesicles in terminal
-abundance of membrane proteins and and mitochondria
When do dendrites vs axons form correct answers dendrites: after the axon as formed
Axon: during neuronal differentiation
branches on axons vs dendrites correct answers axon: distal from cell body, similar in diameter
as the parent axon
Dendrites: continuous with the perikaryal cytoplasm.
are dendrites myelinated? correct answers no
Where are the ribosomes? correct answers Both rER and polysomes in the dendrites but not the
axon
Whats in the cytoplasm? correct answers all the contents of a cell membrane including organelles
but not nucleus
What organelles are in the soma? correct answers nucleus, ER, mitochondria, golgi, endocytic
vesicles
