NR 222 Exam 1 UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT
Answers
Models of Health Care • Clinical
• Role performance
• Adaptive
• Eudaimonistic model
Clinical Absence s/s disease; prevention not emphasized
Role performance Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
Adaptive Ability to adapt positively to change
Eudaimonistic model Exuberant well-being: interaction and interrelationships in multiple aspects of life
Healthy People 2010/2020 • National Guidelines to Promote Health
• Four overarching goals
• Forty-two focus areas
• Twelve leading health indicators (e.g., access to health services, environmental
quality, physical activity, obesity, tobacco use)
• Research of current health incorporated
• Responsibility for intervention
National Guidelines to Promote Health o Define national emphasis for health promotion and disease prevention efforts
Four overarching goals o Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
o Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
o Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
o Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all
life stages
Forty-two focus areas Guide for health care research, practice, education, policy, and communications
Responsibility for intervention o Individual-lifestyle/behaviors
o Health care providers-offer preventative services/monitoring behaviors
o Community partnerships to promote health (e.g., work sites, faith communities)
, Levels of Prevention (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary) Primary
Secondary
• Screening
o Goal: Identify individuals in early, detectable stage of disease
• Treating early stages of disease
• Limiting disability
• Interventions similar to primary prevention but applied to individuals/
populations with disease
Tertiary
• Defect/disability permanent or irreversible (e.g., stroke)
• Minimizing effect to prevent complications/deterioration
• Objective: Return to useful place in society, maximize remaining capacity
o Surveillance
o Maintenance
o Rehabilitation
Primary • Example of health promotion model
• Incorporates:
o Stages of change
o Decisional balance
o Self-efficacy
o Processes of change
o Six stages-each provides nursing opportunity for information and support
Secondary • Screening
o Goal: Identify individuals in early, detectable stage of disease
• Treating early stages of disease
• Limiting disability
• Interventions similar to primary prevention but applied to individuals/
populations with disease
Tertiary • Defect/disability permanent or irreversible (e.g., stroke)
• Minimizing effect to prevent complications/deterioration
• Objective: Return to useful place in society, maximize remaining capacity
o Surveillance
o Maintenance
o Rehabilitation
World Health Organization • Advocate
Nurse's role in health protection • Care manager
• Consultant
• Deliverer of services
• Educator
• Healer
• Researcher
Use of current best knowledge • Emphasis shifting from acute, hospital-based care to preventative community-
based care
• Nurses must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence-
based practice
Answers
Models of Health Care • Clinical
• Role performance
• Adaptive
• Eudaimonistic model
Clinical Absence s/s disease; prevention not emphasized
Role performance Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
Adaptive Ability to adapt positively to change
Eudaimonistic model Exuberant well-being: interaction and interrelationships in multiple aspects of life
Healthy People 2010/2020 • National Guidelines to Promote Health
• Four overarching goals
• Forty-two focus areas
• Twelve leading health indicators (e.g., access to health services, environmental
quality, physical activity, obesity, tobacco use)
• Research of current health incorporated
• Responsibility for intervention
National Guidelines to Promote Health o Define national emphasis for health promotion and disease prevention efforts
Four overarching goals o Attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and
premature death.
o Achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups
o Create social and physical environments that promote good health for all
o Promote quality of life, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all
life stages
Forty-two focus areas Guide for health care research, practice, education, policy, and communications
Responsibility for intervention o Individual-lifestyle/behaviors
o Health care providers-offer preventative services/monitoring behaviors
o Community partnerships to promote health (e.g., work sites, faith communities)
, Levels of Prevention (Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary) Primary
Secondary
• Screening
o Goal: Identify individuals in early, detectable stage of disease
• Treating early stages of disease
• Limiting disability
• Interventions similar to primary prevention but applied to individuals/
populations with disease
Tertiary
• Defect/disability permanent or irreversible (e.g., stroke)
• Minimizing effect to prevent complications/deterioration
• Objective: Return to useful place in society, maximize remaining capacity
o Surveillance
o Maintenance
o Rehabilitation
Primary • Example of health promotion model
• Incorporates:
o Stages of change
o Decisional balance
o Self-efficacy
o Processes of change
o Six stages-each provides nursing opportunity for information and support
Secondary • Screening
o Goal: Identify individuals in early, detectable stage of disease
• Treating early stages of disease
• Limiting disability
• Interventions similar to primary prevention but applied to individuals/
populations with disease
Tertiary • Defect/disability permanent or irreversible (e.g., stroke)
• Minimizing effect to prevent complications/deterioration
• Objective: Return to useful place in society, maximize remaining capacity
o Surveillance
o Maintenance
o Rehabilitation
World Health Organization • Advocate
Nurse's role in health protection • Care manager
• Consultant
• Deliverer of services
• Educator
• Healer
• Researcher
Use of current best knowledge • Emphasis shifting from acute, hospital-based care to preventative community-
based care
• Nurses must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence-
based practice
