PRT 152 FINAL STUDY GUIDE 2026
Recreation and Leisure in ancient civilizations - Answers --learned to domesticate
plants and animals which shifted them from nomadic existence just hunting and food
gathering to largely stationary way of life based on grazing animals and planting crops.
-ruling classes developed and this created upper class who had power, wealth, and
leisure. this created first leisure class.
ancient egypt - Answers -rich and diversified
advanced knowledge of astronomy, architecture, engineering, agriculture and
construction.
5000 B.C well into roman era
wrestling, gymnastic, lifting and swinging weights, and ball games.
bull fighting religiously motivated
Ancient Assyria and babylonia - Answers -fertile crescent between tigris river and
euphrates, ruled by assyria in north and babylon in south.
2900 B.C to invasion of alexander the great in 330 B.C
boxing, wrestling, archery, and variety of table games
watching dancing, listening to music, and giving banquets, they also spent a lot of time
hunting.
9th century parks were established for royal hunting parties
Ancient Israel - Answers -music and dancing was performed for ritual purposes and for
social activities and celebrations.
hunting, fishing, wrestling, and the use of such weapons as the sword and javelin for
recreational and defensive purposes.
major contribution to leisure was to set aside the seventh day- the Sabbath- as a time
fro people to rest from work and to worship.
Ancient Greece - Answers -took great interest the arts, learning, and in athletics.
these pursuits were generally restricted to wellborn, aristocratic noblemen, who had full
rights of citizenship.
,the amenities of life were generally restricted to the most wealthy and powerful citizens,
who representated the athenian ideal of balanced man- soldier, athlete, artist,
statesman, and philosopher.
sport was part of daily life and occured mainly when there were mass gatherings of
people
** the athenian philosophers believed strongly in the unity of the mind and body and in
the strong relationship of all forms of human qualities and skills. they felt that play
activity was essential to the healthy physical and social growth of children.
plato believed that education should be compulsory and that it should provide natural
modes of amusement for children.
the transition in Greece - Answers -at first citizens were expected to participate in
sports and games, and the olympic games were restricted to free born greeks only.
gradually, the religious and cultural functions of the Olympic games and other festivals
were weakened by athletic specialization, corruption, and commercialism.
as a result, in time sport and other forms of activity such as drama, singing, and dance
were performed only by highly skilled specialists (drawn from the lower class or even
slaves) who trained and perfected their skills throughout the year to appear before huge
crowds.
Ancient Rome - Answers -Roman republic during its early development was a vigorous
and nationalistic state. the Roman citizen, although he belonged to a privileged class,
was required to defend his society and fight in its wars.
citizens participated in sports and gymnastics, intended to keep the body strong and
spirit courageous.
had games that were for the worship of Roman Gods. the most important of the Roman
games were those that celebrated military triumphs, usually held in honor of God
Jupiter, the head of Roman.
**the romans had a different concept of leisure than the Greeks.the romans supported
play for utilitarian rather than aesthetic forms of cultural activity.
no theater
even more than the greeks, the Romans were systematic planners and builders.
as empire grew, they had sharply divided classes. senators- richest, curiae-owned more
than 25 acres of land, plebs- free common people, coloni- lower class tennants of land.
, leisure increased and the necessity for military service declined for the roman citizen,
entertainment became bigger. many men quit playing sports. they now sought to be
amused and to entertain their guest with paid acrobats
athletes performed as members of specialized professions with unions, coaches, and
training schools.
recreation and leisure in Early Christian Era - Answers -pastimes in the middle ages
was hunting.
other types of pastimes during the middle ages were various types of games and
gambling, music and dance,sport, and jousting.
the games played in castles and medieval manors included chess, checkers,
backgammon, and dice. gambling was popular although forbidden by authorities.
as the dark ages came, life became more stable
travel in reasonable safety became possible and commerce became more widespread.
jousting emerged
games of common people during middle ages - Answers -life was not all work for the
lower class
there were village feasts and sport, practical joking, throwing weights, cockfighting, bull
baiting, and other lively games.
ball games sometimes resulted in bloodshed.
sometimes dancing
peasants usually went to bed at dark, reading was rare accomplishment, and there was
much drinking and crude brawling.
for peasants hunting was more a means of gathering food than a sport.
protestant reformation - Answers -the reformation was a religious movement of the
1500 that resulted in the establishment of a number of protestant sects whose leaders
broke away from Roman Catholicism.
in part it represented the influence of the growing middle class, who allied with the
nobility in the emerging nations of Europe to challenge the power of the church.
Recreation and Leisure in ancient civilizations - Answers --learned to domesticate
plants and animals which shifted them from nomadic existence just hunting and food
gathering to largely stationary way of life based on grazing animals and planting crops.
-ruling classes developed and this created upper class who had power, wealth, and
leisure. this created first leisure class.
ancient egypt - Answers -rich and diversified
advanced knowledge of astronomy, architecture, engineering, agriculture and
construction.
5000 B.C well into roman era
wrestling, gymnastic, lifting and swinging weights, and ball games.
bull fighting religiously motivated
Ancient Assyria and babylonia - Answers -fertile crescent between tigris river and
euphrates, ruled by assyria in north and babylon in south.
2900 B.C to invasion of alexander the great in 330 B.C
boxing, wrestling, archery, and variety of table games
watching dancing, listening to music, and giving banquets, they also spent a lot of time
hunting.
9th century parks were established for royal hunting parties
Ancient Israel - Answers -music and dancing was performed for ritual purposes and for
social activities and celebrations.
hunting, fishing, wrestling, and the use of such weapons as the sword and javelin for
recreational and defensive purposes.
major contribution to leisure was to set aside the seventh day- the Sabbath- as a time
fro people to rest from work and to worship.
Ancient Greece - Answers -took great interest the arts, learning, and in athletics.
these pursuits were generally restricted to wellborn, aristocratic noblemen, who had full
rights of citizenship.
,the amenities of life were generally restricted to the most wealthy and powerful citizens,
who representated the athenian ideal of balanced man- soldier, athlete, artist,
statesman, and philosopher.
sport was part of daily life and occured mainly when there were mass gatherings of
people
** the athenian philosophers believed strongly in the unity of the mind and body and in
the strong relationship of all forms of human qualities and skills. they felt that play
activity was essential to the healthy physical and social growth of children.
plato believed that education should be compulsory and that it should provide natural
modes of amusement for children.
the transition in Greece - Answers -at first citizens were expected to participate in
sports and games, and the olympic games were restricted to free born greeks only.
gradually, the religious and cultural functions of the Olympic games and other festivals
were weakened by athletic specialization, corruption, and commercialism.
as a result, in time sport and other forms of activity such as drama, singing, and dance
were performed only by highly skilled specialists (drawn from the lower class or even
slaves) who trained and perfected their skills throughout the year to appear before huge
crowds.
Ancient Rome - Answers -Roman republic during its early development was a vigorous
and nationalistic state. the Roman citizen, although he belonged to a privileged class,
was required to defend his society and fight in its wars.
citizens participated in sports and gymnastics, intended to keep the body strong and
spirit courageous.
had games that were for the worship of Roman Gods. the most important of the Roman
games were those that celebrated military triumphs, usually held in honor of God
Jupiter, the head of Roman.
**the romans had a different concept of leisure than the Greeks.the romans supported
play for utilitarian rather than aesthetic forms of cultural activity.
no theater
even more than the greeks, the Romans were systematic planners and builders.
as empire grew, they had sharply divided classes. senators- richest, curiae-owned more
than 25 acres of land, plebs- free common people, coloni- lower class tennants of land.
, leisure increased and the necessity for military service declined for the roman citizen,
entertainment became bigger. many men quit playing sports. they now sought to be
amused and to entertain their guest with paid acrobats
athletes performed as members of specialized professions with unions, coaches, and
training schools.
recreation and leisure in Early Christian Era - Answers -pastimes in the middle ages
was hunting.
other types of pastimes during the middle ages were various types of games and
gambling, music and dance,sport, and jousting.
the games played in castles and medieval manors included chess, checkers,
backgammon, and dice. gambling was popular although forbidden by authorities.
as the dark ages came, life became more stable
travel in reasonable safety became possible and commerce became more widespread.
jousting emerged
games of common people during middle ages - Answers -life was not all work for the
lower class
there were village feasts and sport, practical joking, throwing weights, cockfighting, bull
baiting, and other lively games.
ball games sometimes resulted in bloodshed.
sometimes dancing
peasants usually went to bed at dark, reading was rare accomplishment, and there was
much drinking and crude brawling.
for peasants hunting was more a means of gathering food than a sport.
protestant reformation - Answers -the reformation was a religious movement of the
1500 that resulted in the establishment of a number of protestant sects whose leaders
broke away from Roman Catholicism.
in part it represented the influence of the growing middle class, who allied with the
nobility in the emerging nations of Europe to challenge the power of the church.
