1
CHEE 477R Exam 1 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Microbiology Ans: The study of microorganisms
© 2026 Assignment
Cell Ans: Fundamental unit of a living organism, surrounded
by a membrane
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
DNA Ans: Deoxyribonucleic acid, bipolymer coding
hereditary information
RNA Ans: Ribonucleic acid, bipolymer responsible for protein
synthesis
Protein Ans: Bipolymer composed of amino acids
Enzyme Ans: protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of
specific biological reactions
Types of Microorganisms Ans: Bacteria, archaeabaceria,
eukarya, viruses (although technically not alive)
Bacteria Ans: "True" bacteria - i.e. domain: Bacteria
Archaeabacteria Ans: "Ancient" bacteria - domain: Archaea
Eukarya Ans: Single-celled members of domain Eukarya:
Protozoa, microscopic algae, microscopic fungi
, 2
Robert Hooke Ans: Invented the microscope/observed
fruiting bod of molds in 1664
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek Ans: Used simple microscope to
observe bacteria in 1684
Louis Pasteur Ans: French chemist, disproved Spontaneous
Generation
Robert Koch Ans: Developed Germ Theory of Disease
© 2026 Assignment
Germ Theory Ans: Microorganisms responsible for disease
can be isolated and cause disease in healthy animals
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Pure cultre Ans: Isolated bacterial cell on a solid medium
grows into a colony of a single species
Martinus Beijerinck Ans: Developed enrichment culture
technique; discovered viruses (1898)
Enrichment Culture Ans: Selecting specific microorganisms
from natural samples through the use of serial transfers on
specific growth media
Virus Ans: Particles smaller than bacteria that can cause
disease
Sergei Winogradsky Ans: Discovered chemolithotropic and
autotrophic bacteria with "Winogradsky Column"; isolated
nitrifying bacteria
Chemolithotrophs Ans: Organisms that obtain energy from
the oxidation of inorganic compounds
Autotroph Ans: Organisms obtaining carbon from CO2
, 3
What are the 4 main attributes of living organisms? Ans:
Compartmentalization/metabolism, reproduction,
differentiation, evolution
How many monomeric units are responsible for all the
biological macromolecules? Ans: About 500
What are the four main types of monomers? Ans: Proteins
(amino acids)
© 2026 Assignment
DNA (nucleotides)
Polysaccharides (sugar)
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Fats (LCFA)
What is the equation for diversity? Ans: Diversity = number
of subunits^(sequence length)
i.e. an 8 letter word from the English alphabet would have a
diversity of 26^8.
What provides energy for organisms? Ans: Flow of electrons;
redox reactions
What promotes a sequence of chemical reactions? Ans:
Enzymes
Activation energy Ans: Energy that must surmount activation
barrier to allow the reaction to occur
Transition state Ans: An intermediate with higher free energy
than either reactant or products, with distorted bonds (almost
broken)
CHEE 477R Exam 1 Questions and
Answers (100% Correct Answers)
Already Graded A+
Microbiology Ans: The study of microorganisms
© 2026 Assignment
Cell Ans: Fundamental unit of a living organism, surrounded
by a membrane
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
DNA Ans: Deoxyribonucleic acid, bipolymer coding
hereditary information
RNA Ans: Ribonucleic acid, bipolymer responsible for protein
synthesis
Protein Ans: Bipolymer composed of amino acids
Enzyme Ans: protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of
specific biological reactions
Types of Microorganisms Ans: Bacteria, archaeabaceria,
eukarya, viruses (although technically not alive)
Bacteria Ans: "True" bacteria - i.e. domain: Bacteria
Archaeabacteria Ans: "Ancient" bacteria - domain: Archaea
Eukarya Ans: Single-celled members of domain Eukarya:
Protozoa, microscopic algae, microscopic fungi
, 2
Robert Hooke Ans: Invented the microscope/observed
fruiting bod of molds in 1664
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek Ans: Used simple microscope to
observe bacteria in 1684
Louis Pasteur Ans: French chemist, disproved Spontaneous
Generation
Robert Koch Ans: Developed Germ Theory of Disease
© 2026 Assignment
Germ Theory Ans: Microorganisms responsible for disease
can be isolated and cause disease in healthy animals
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Pure cultre Ans: Isolated bacterial cell on a solid medium
grows into a colony of a single species
Martinus Beijerinck Ans: Developed enrichment culture
technique; discovered viruses (1898)
Enrichment Culture Ans: Selecting specific microorganisms
from natural samples through the use of serial transfers on
specific growth media
Virus Ans: Particles smaller than bacteria that can cause
disease
Sergei Winogradsky Ans: Discovered chemolithotropic and
autotrophic bacteria with "Winogradsky Column"; isolated
nitrifying bacteria
Chemolithotrophs Ans: Organisms that obtain energy from
the oxidation of inorganic compounds
Autotroph Ans: Organisms obtaining carbon from CO2
, 3
What are the 4 main attributes of living organisms? Ans:
Compartmentalization/metabolism, reproduction,
differentiation, evolution
How many monomeric units are responsible for all the
biological macromolecules? Ans: About 500
What are the four main types of monomers? Ans: Proteins
(amino acids)
© 2026 Assignment
DNA (nucleotides)
Polysaccharides (sugar)
Guru01 - Stuvia
Expert
Fats (LCFA)
What is the equation for diversity? Ans: Diversity = number
of subunits^(sequence length)
i.e. an 8 letter word from the English alphabet would have a
diversity of 26^8.
What provides energy for organisms? Ans: Flow of electrons;
redox reactions
What promotes a sequence of chemical reactions? Ans:
Enzymes
Activation energy Ans: Energy that must surmount activation
barrier to allow the reaction to occur
Transition state Ans: An intermediate with higher free energy
than either reactant or products, with distorted bonds (almost
broken)
