NBME CBSE EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
CORRECT SOLUTIONS LATEST 2025-2026
Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERS surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT-ANSWERS Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - CORRECT-ANSWERS Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT-ANSWERS Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
,Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERS Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERS macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT-ANSWERS Lysine interchain
crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT-ANSWERS Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT-ANSWERS Exhale of Tidal
Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT-ANSWERS LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT-ANSWERS emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT-ANSWERS DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT-ANSWERS pulmonary =
systemic
,Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT-ANSWERS Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - CORRECT-ANSWERS BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT-ANSWERS basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT-ANSWERS low pH, high 2,3BPG, high
T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERS *carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - CORRECT-ANSWERS carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - CORRECT-ANSWERS lactic acidosis
, How to treat cyanide poisoning - CORRECT-ANSWERS *Amyl nitrite* -->
Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - CORRECT-ANSWERS 5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - CORRECT-ANSWERS *Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - CORRECT-ANSWERS ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - CORRECT-ANSWERS PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - CORRECT-ANSWERS BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - CORRECT-ANSWERS 10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
CORRECT SOLUTIONS LATEST 2025-2026
Type II pneumocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERS surfactant (*lecithin*)
Proliferate after injury
Type I progenitors
*Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
Polio live v killed vaccine - CORRECT-ANSWERS Killed = Salk = IgG
Live = Sabin = IgG + IgA
- can be shed in feces
Neonatal Respiratory Distress:
Etiology + Tx - CORRECT-ANSWERS Maternal DM (*high insulin*)
or C-section (*low cortisol*)
TX: *dexamethasone* before birth
Lung maturity determined with - CORRECT-ANSWERS Amniocentesis of
Phospholipids (*type II pneumocytes)
L >> S
,Type I pneumocytes - CORRECT-ANSWERS Squamous gas diffusion
Elastase in lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERS macrophage: *lysosomes*
PMN: *azuronphilic granules*
Elastin stretches and recoils due to - CORRECT-ANSWERS Lysine interchain
crosslinks
air pressure and
intrapleural pressure at FRC - CORRECT-ANSWERS Air pressure = 0
Intrapleural pressure = -5
Pulm Vasc Resistance is lowest during - CORRECT-ANSWERS Exhale of Tidal
Volume
Lung Compliance is decreased by - CORRECT-ANSWERS LHF, pulmonary edema,
pulmonary fibrosis
Lung Compliance is increased by - CORRECT-ANSWERS emphysema, age
Obesity affects ERV and FRC - CORRECT-ANSWERS DECREASE
ERV & FRC
Blood flow/min (pulmonary v systemic) - CORRECT-ANSWERS pulmonary =
systemic
,Anatomic pulmonary shunting - CORRECT-ANSWERS Bronchial circulation causes
*decreased PO2 in LA/LV*
than in pulmonary capillaries
More ventilation is at the - CORRECT-ANSWERS BASE
O2-Hgb dissociation LEFT shift - CORRECT-ANSWERS basic, cold, low 2,3 BPG
low pO2 (compensatory erythrocytosis)
O2-Hgb dissociation RIGHT shift - CORRECT-ANSWERS low pH, high 2,3BPG, high
T
HOT, ACIDIC
CO2 transport to lungs - CORRECT-ANSWERS *carbonic anhydrase*
Cl shift
*Haldane*: CO2 released to lung
(*Bohr*: O2 release to tissue)
CO poisoning causes - CORRECT-ANSWERS carboxyhemoglobin
no affect on PaO2
Cyanide poisoning causes - CORRECT-ANSWERS lactic acidosis
, How to treat cyanide poisoning - CORRECT-ANSWERS *Amyl nitrite* -->
Methemoglobin
THEN *Thiosulfate* (hydroxycobalamin)
Normal A-a gradient - CORRECT-ANSWERS 5-15
Hypoventilation: Heroin OD or high altitude
Increased A-a gradient - CORRECT-ANSWERS *Diffusion impairment* (fibrosis)
*R-L shunt* (aspiration, ARDS)
*V/Q mismatch* (pulmonary edema
AT --> AT II
where and how - CORRECT-ANSWERS ACE
(- high in sarcoidosis)
In small pulmonary bV
C5a induces what - CORRECT-ANSWERS PMN influx (ie: in lungs)
Korotkoff sound - CORRECT-ANSWERS BP cuff - appear and disappear
in inflation/deflation
Pulsus Paradoxus - CORRECT-ANSWERS 10mmHg difference in
Korotkoff sound
