mlpao exam review questions with |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
. . A patient's coagulation testing results include an INR of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2.0, PT of 18.0 seconds, and PTT of 65 seconds. A
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physician calling for the results should be: - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔b. Given the results of the PT, PTT and INR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Extraneous organisms - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- enters |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
from the outside |\ |\
Coomb's Tests - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔● Combs direct-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is used to detect immunoglobulins (IgG) on the surface of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the red blood cells to investigate transfusion reaction
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Combs indirect- this test will evaluate the possibility of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transfusion reactions, and can detect and identify |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
antibodies in the serum of potential blood donors and|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transfusion recipients |\
Quantitative results - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔research |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
techniques that are used to gather quantitative data ie |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
how many, how long. |\ |\ |\
,Inspissation - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔To undergo |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
thickening or cause to thicken, as by boiling or |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
evaporation; condense |\
Mean median and mode - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔●
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
statistics
● mean - average
|\ |\ |\
● median - middle number
|\ |\ |\ |\
● mode - occurs most often
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Vein choices - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔● Median cubital -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
middle of antecubital space, does not roll
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Cephalic vein - thumb space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Basilic vein - baby finger
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Quality control |\
● - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Is system of maintaining
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
standards in manufactured products by testing a sample
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of the output against the specification
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Factors affecting ESR results - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔●
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Red Blood Cells|\ |\
● Plasma
|\
● Mechanical and Technical Errors
|\ |\ |\ |\
,● The ESR must be perpendicular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● A tilt of 3 degrees can cause errors of up to 30%
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● No movement or vibration
|\ |\ |\ |\
● Non-technical like anemia and inflammation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Operations of a hot air oven - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔● |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Dry heat ovens are used to sterilize articles that cannot
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
be penetrated by steam or may be damaged by it
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● A longer exposure period is needed because
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
microorganisms and spores are more resistant to dry heat |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
than to moist heat and because dry heat penetrates
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
more slowly and unevenly than moist heat.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● 160 Celsius for 1-2 hours
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Fixatives in histology - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔●
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Methanol
● Ethanol
|\
● Bouin
|\
● Zenkers
|\
The Coulter principle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
coulter instruments are all based on the principles of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
electronic volumetric sizing and electronic one by one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
volumetric counting of cells. |\ |\ |\
, Methods for cleaning glassware - - CORRECT ANSWERS|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔● hot air oven 160 Celsius for 1-2 hours
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Autoclave- sterilization by moist heat under pressure. It
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is the most reliable and sterilization occurs at a lower
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
temp and a shorter time period. 250 Fahrenheit and 15
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lbs psi for 20-30 mins. ● Beakers on their sides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Articles that are wrapped are sterile for 4 weeks.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Use of disinfectants in the laboratory -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
All spills of blood should be properly cleaned using
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
products registered by CEPA and be effective against HIV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and HBV - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. 1% Hypo- must be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
made daily |\
2. 2% glutaraldehyde- used on most metal surfaces
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Formaldehyde- used to disinfect large areas
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
4. Phenols- should not be used in laboratories as they are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
low level disinfectants
|\ |\
Background counts using Coulter equipment - - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔● Background checks are run on the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Isotone (diluent) to make sure there are no particles
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
present that would interfere and be counted as cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
. . A patient's coagulation testing results include an INR of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
2.0, PT of 18.0 seconds, and PTT of 65 seconds. A
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
physician calling for the results should be: - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔b. Given the results of the PT, PTT and INR
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Extraneous organisms - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- enters |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
from the outside |\ |\
Coomb's Tests - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔● Combs direct-
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is used to detect immunoglobulins (IgG) on the surface of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
the red blood cells to investigate transfusion reaction
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Combs indirect- this test will evaluate the possibility of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transfusion reactions, and can detect and identify |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
antibodies in the serum of potential blood donors and|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
transfusion recipients |\
Quantitative results - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔research |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
techniques that are used to gather quantitative data ie |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
how many, how long. |\ |\ |\
,Inspissation - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔To undergo |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
thickening or cause to thicken, as by boiling or |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
evaporation; condense |\
Mean median and mode - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔●
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
statistics
● mean - average
|\ |\ |\
● median - middle number
|\ |\ |\ |\
● mode - occurs most often
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Vein choices - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔● Median cubital -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
middle of antecubital space, does not roll
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Cephalic vein - thumb space
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Basilic vein - baby finger
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Quality control |\
● - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Is system of maintaining
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
standards in manufactured products by testing a sample
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of the output against the specification
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Factors affecting ESR results - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔●
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Red Blood Cells|\ |\
● Plasma
|\
● Mechanical and Technical Errors
|\ |\ |\ |\
,● The ESR must be perpendicular
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● A tilt of 3 degrees can cause errors of up to 30%
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● No movement or vibration
|\ |\ |\ |\
● Non-technical like anemia and inflammation
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Operations of a hot air oven - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔● |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Dry heat ovens are used to sterilize articles that cannot
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
be penetrated by steam or may be damaged by it
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● A longer exposure period is needed because
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
microorganisms and spores are more resistant to dry heat |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
than to moist heat and because dry heat penetrates
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
more slowly and unevenly than moist heat.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● 160 Celsius for 1-2 hours
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Fixatives in histology - - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔●
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Methanol
● Ethanol
|\
● Bouin
|\
● Zenkers
|\
The Coulter principle - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
coulter instruments are all based on the principles of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
electronic volumetric sizing and electronic one by one
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
volumetric counting of cells. |\ |\ |\
, Methods for cleaning glassware - - CORRECT ANSWERS|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔● hot air oven 160 Celsius for 1-2 hours
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Autoclave- sterilization by moist heat under pressure. It
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
is the most reliable and sterilization occurs at a lower
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
temp and a shorter time period. 250 Fahrenheit and 15
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
lbs psi for 20-30 mins. ● Beakers on their sides
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
● Articles that are wrapped are sterile for 4 weeks.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Use of disinfectants in the laboratory -
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
All spills of blood should be properly cleaned using
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
products registered by CEPA and be effective against HIV
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
and HBV - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1. 1% Hypo- must be
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
made daily |\
2. 2% glutaraldehyde- used on most metal surfaces
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
3. Formaldehyde- used to disinfect large areas
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
4. Phenols- should not be used in laboratories as they are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
low level disinfectants
|\ |\
Background counts using Coulter equipment - - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔● Background checks are run on the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Isotone (diluent) to make sure there are no particles
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
present that would interfere and be counted as cells
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
