Biology 110 exam 1 ULL questions with 100% correct detailed answer|

scientific method - correct answers observations, questions, hypothesis, test hypothesis, conclusion/ A WAY TO THINK hypothesis - correct answers an answer to a question that may or may not be right atom - correct answers the smallest functional units of matter proton - correct answers positive, found in nucleus, same number as electrons electrons - correct answers negative, same as protons neutron - correct answers neutral, found in nucleus, # varies ion - correct answers when an atom gains or loses electrons isotope - correct answers multiple forms of an element that differ in the number of neutrons NOT protons isomer - correct answers 2 structures with an identical molecular formula but different structures and characteristics (puzzle pieces) structural isomers - correct answers same atoms but different bonding relationships stereoisomers - correct answers identical bonding relationships, but the spatial positioning of the atoms differs in the two isomers geometric isomers - correct answers position around double bond varies enantiomers - correct answers mirror image of another molecule orbital - correct answers region in which electrons travel s orbitals - correct answers spherical p orbitals - correct answers dumbbell shaped energy shell - correct answers electrons fill the shells to become more stable atoms nucleus - correct answers contains protons and neutrons; small, dense region of highly concentrated positive change valence electrons - correct answers electrons in the outermost shell that are available to combine with other atoms octet rule - correct answers atoms are stable when their outer shell is full/usually with 8 electrons atomic number - correct answers the number of protons in an atom. also equal to the number of electrons in the atom so that the net change is zero atomic mass - correct answers average of the weights of different isotopes of an element covalent bonds - correct answers atoms share electrons, strongest chemical bond polar covalent - correct answers share unequally/two atoms with different electronegativity ionic bonds - correct answers an atom gives away its electron NOT SHARE electrons/when a cation bonds to an anion hydrogen bonds - correct answers occur because polar covalent bonds exist/holds DNA together hydrophilic - correct answers water loving (polar covalent bonds); dissolve easily in water hydrophobic - correct answers water hating (nonpolar bonds) amphipathic - correct answers both polar and nonpolar regions/may form micelles in water Vander Waal's interactions - correct answers help hold the structure of a large molecular in place by weakly holding atoms that are near each other in place/very weak hold salt - correct answers is an IONIC bond water - correct answers less dense as a solid has a high specific heat high heat of vaporization has COHESION on high surface tension universal solvent tends to form a weak acid over time living organisms are 70%-90% water molecule - correct answers 2 or more atoms bonded together acid - correct answers pH 6 or below/molecules that release hydrogen ions in solution base - correct answers absorbs hydrogen ions when dissolved in water/lower the H+ concentration