Bio 110- Exam 3 Questions And Answers Guaranteed Pass|

Cellular Respiration - correct answers C6H1206+6O2=6CO+6H2O releases energy from glucose and uses that energy to make ATP Four Stages of Cellular Respiration - correct answers 1. Glycolysis 2. Preparation Reaction 3. Citric Acid Cycle 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation Glycolysis (Pathway #1) - correct answers occurs in cytoplasm 10 steps in 3 Phases Glucose and 2ATP are put in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH and 2 ATP come out 3 Phases of Glycolysis - correct answers 1. Energy Investment: 2 ATP hydrolyzed to create fructose-1,6 diphosphate 2. Cleavage: 6 Carbon molecules broken into two 3-Carbon molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) 3. Energy Liberation: two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules broken down into two pyruvate molecules, producing 2 NADH and 4 ATP. Breakdown of Pyruvate - correct answers Glucose is split into 2 pyruvate molecules and water Pyruvate is a 3 carbon molecule Nets 2 ATP Produces 2NADH +2H+ Preparation Reaction (Pathway #2) - correct answers Pyruvate transported to the mitochondrial matrix Broken down by pyruvate dehydrogenase One molecule of CO2 removed from each pyruvate Remaining acetyl group attached to CoA to make acetyl CoA 1 NADH2 is made for each pyruvate Citric Acid Cycle (Pathway #3) - correct answers 2 carbons Acetyl CoA + 4carbon OAA = 6carbon citrate Two CO2 are released and high-energy electron carriers are produced OAA is reformed, producing ATP in the process and making more high-energy electron carriers This process is repeated for the second Acetyl CoA that came from the original glucose Oxidative Phosphorylation (Pathway #4) - correct answers Oxidation by the Electron Transport Chain Phosphorylation by ATP synthase High energy electrons removed from NADH2 and FADH2 to make ATP Electron Transport Chain & Final Electron Acceptor - correct answers Electrons from NADH2 and FADH are passed from one molecule to the next, through a series of redox reactions Electrons lose energy with each step The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which then becomes water At the end, glucose and oxygen have been combined to produce CO2 and H2O Phosphorylation using ATP Synthase (Chemiosmosis) - correct answers Movement of electrons in the electron transport chain generates H+ electrochemical gradient As H+ flows back across the membrane, it flows through ATP synthase The kinetic energy of this flow is used to make ATP Fermentation - correct answers When O2 is not available First step is glycolysis Then animal cells convert pyruvate to lactate OR other organisms convert pyruvate to alcohol and CO2 Fermentation regenerates NAD+ which keeps glycolysis going Alcoholic Fermentation - correct answers Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Used in wine and breads occurs in the cytosol of yeast cells Lactate Fermentation - correct answers Anaerobic carbohydrate breakdown pathway that produces ATP and lactate Used in cheeses and pickles occurs in the cytoplasm Glycolysis Pathways - correct answers *Know how to read them from handout and see what went wrong where Photosynthesis - correct answers Energy within light is captured and used to synthesize carbohydrates CO2 + H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + O2 Occurs in the leaves, can be in the flower or the stem at times. Pigments - correct answers Molecules that absorb light of particular wavelengths; When a photon and a pigment molecule meet it either: Bounces off, Passes through or is Absorbed by the molecule If absorbed, the energy is acquired by the molecule Molecule raised from ground state to excited state Absorption Spectrum - correct answers After absorption, excited state, then unstable Excited electrons in pigments can be transferred to another molecule *Absorption spectrum Pigments and Photosynthesis - correct answers Pigments used in photosynthesis: Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b Accessory Pigments: Beta-carotene (orange), Zeaxanthin (yellow), Lycopene (red), Anthocyanin (blue) Chlorophyll in Photosystems - correct answers Photosystems: Thylakoid membrane of chloroplast The excitation energy is passed to the reaction center of the complex Light Dependent Reactions - correct answers Solar energy captured and transferred to chemical energy in ATP light is required light energy + H2O= Oxygen + NADPH + ATP Photosystem I - correct answers P700, makes NADPH, does not take place first Photosystem II - correct answers One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane;