Bio 110 Exam 1 Questions And Answers Solved Graded A+|

What cellular structure makes it possible for a cell to differ structurally and biochemically from its surroundings - correct answers Plasma membrane The transport of water across a membrane from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration is best described as - correct answers Osmosis Which of the following properly describes the role of vacuoles? - correct answers Vacuoles function as storage spaces and also play a role in a plant nutrition, waste management, predator deterrence, reproduction, and physical support Which of the following statements is TRUE about a plasma membrane? - correct answers The molecules that make up the membrane are phospholipids Drugs called beta-blockers do all the following except - correct answers bind to the cytoplasmic side of a receptor protein. The idea of endosymbiosis is supported by which of the following observations? - correct answers Chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar in size to prokaryotic cells. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have small amounts of circular DNA, similar to the circular DNA in prokaryotes and in contrast to the linear DNA strands found in a eukaryotic cell. Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by splitting (fission), just like prokaryotes. Chloroplasts and mitochondria have internal structures called ribosomes that are similar to those found in bacteria. ______ are found in all metabolically active cells and are involves primarily in transporting materials within, into, and out of cells - correct answers Vesicles Polar molecules and many charged molecules like water, ions, amino acids, and sugars pass across the membrane via - correct answers facilitates diffusion The hydrophilic heads of the cell membrane is composed of - correct answers a glycerol linked to a phosphorus-containing molecule which of the following statements is TRUE about a plasma membrane? - correct answers the molecules that make up the membrane are phospholipids How is osmosis across the cellular membrane controlled? - correct answers The membrane is impermeable to the solute, so water moves in and out of the cell to maintain a concentration equilibrium between the interior and exterior of the cell. Centrioles are not found in plant cells, and Chloroplasts, cell walls and vacuoles are not found in animal cells - correct answers Primary active transport is to secondary active transport as _______ is to _______. - correct answers Winding a clock; letting a clock run on the stored energy from winding. active transport - correct answers molecular movement that depends on the input of energy, which is necessary when the molecules to be moved are larger or are being moved against their concentration gradient. Cell - correct answers the smallest unit of life that can function independently; a three-dimensional structure surrounded by a membrane and in the case of prokaryotes and most plants, a cell wall, in which many of the essential chemical reactions of the life of an organism take place. cell theory - correct answers a unifying and universally accepted theory that hold all living organisms are make up of one or more cells, and that all cells arise from other preexisting cells. cell wall - correct answers a rigid structure, outside the cell membrane, that protects and gives shape to the cell, found in many prokaryotes and plants. chloroplast - correct answers organelle thats the site of photosynthesis; contains thylakoids inside the storm where the light is collected cholesterol - correct answers one of the sterols, a group of lipids important to the regulating growth and development, an important component of most cell membranes, helping the membrane maintain its flexibility. Chromatin - correct answers thin fibers in DNA, which carry all hereditary information in the nucleus cilium - correct answers short projections from the cell surface, often occurring in large numbers on a single cell, that beat against the intercellular fluid to move the fluid past the cell. cytoplasm - correct answers the jelly like fluid that fills the inside of the cell, in eukaryotes this contains organelles. cytoskeleton - correct answers a network of protein structures in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes that serves to aid in support and in some cases, gives animal cells a different types their characteristic shapes. Serves as a track guiding the intercellular traffic flow and is flexible and can generate force. diffusion - correct answers passive transport in which a particle is dissolved in a gas or liquid and moves from an area of higher solute concentration to an area of lower solute concentration. endocytosis - correct answers a cellular process in which large particles, solid or dissolved, outside the cell are surrounded by a fold of the plasma membrane and are enclosed which moves into the cell. endomembrane system - correct answers a system organelles that surrounds the nucleus, it produces and modifies necessary molecules, breaks down toxic chemicals and cellular by-products, and is thus responsible for many of the fundamental functions of the cell enzymatic protein - correct answers a protein that accelerates intercellular and extracellular reactions on the plasma membrane eukaryote - correct answers an organism composed of eukaryotic cells eukaryotic cell - correct answers a cell with a membrane surrounded nucleus containing DNA, membrane surrounded organelles and internal structures organized into compartments flagellum - correct answers long, thin, whip like projection from the cell body of prokaryote that aids in cell movement through the medium in which the organism lives; in animals the only cell with this is sperm gap junction - correct answers act like secret passageways the head region of a triglyceride fat molecule golgi apparatus - correct answers processes and packages proteins, lipids, and other molecules for export to other locations in or outside the cell-- (smooth and rough reticulum)-- modifies molecules and bud off as a transport vesicle hydrophilic - correct answers attracted to water (head of a fatty acid chain) hydrophobic - correct answers repelled by water (tail of a fatty acid chain) hypertonic - correct answers a solution with a higher concentration of solutes- water moves out of cell hypotonic - correct answers a solution with a lower concentration of solutes- water moves into cell (animal cells may explode in this solution due to lack of cell wall) The next step after making a hypothesis - correct answers making a prediction Study subjects who receive a treatment are of a/an _______ group - correct answers an experimental group Name two factors in a well designed experiment - correct answers controlling variable controlling bias (blind or double blind experimental design) Large sample size Randomly study subjects Hypothesis: Exposure to allergens in early childhood is related to the emergence of allergies in adolescence What is the independent variable? - correct answers exposure to allergens Determines whether an atom will bond with other atoms - correct answers electrons in the outermost shell the atomic weight refers to... - correct answers the number of protons plus the number of neutrons name the 3 fates of glucose - correct answers 1. used immediately for energy 2. stored as glycogen 3. stored as fat _______ are the building blocks of proteins - correct answers amino acids these macromolecules store energy and build membranes - correct answers lipids both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes - correct answers true plant cells have chloroplasts instead of mitochondria - correct answers false. plant cells have both chloroplasts and mitochondria H+ ions pumping into the stomach cells against their concentration gradient is an example of - correct answers active transport HIV can gain access to a healthy cell through these (located on the cell membrane) - correct answers receptor proteins- particularly CD4