Bio 110 PSU exam 1 practice questions and answers 100% verified|

uses energy to consturct components of cells - correct answers anabolism breaks down organic matter, for example to harvest energy - correct answers catabolism attraction between partial charges of water - to other water molecules -to polar or charged non water molecules - partial charges act as magnets individual bonds are weak but over millions of molecules become very strong - correct answers hydrogen bonds water molecules at the surface are pulled down by hydrogen bonding with water molecules beneath them - correct answers surface tension attraction of water molecules to other water molecules --hydrogen bonds determine cohesiveness - correct answers cohesion where does it take place? -leaves where does water come from? -roots from the ground how do water molecules move from soil to the leaves? -transpiration (water moves up narrow tubes with cohesion and adhesion) - correct answers photosynthesis regulates body temperature, specific heat water has high heat of vaporization --- evaporative cooling, temperature buffer - correct answers why do dogs and people sweat hydrogen bonds between water molecules - correct answers when water vaporizes what bonds are broken? hydrogen bonds expand and water becomes less dense allowing it to float -- all have positive and negative partial charges, water molecules lost enerfgy and push away from each other --H-bonds have set length - correct answers how can organisms live on or under the ice? nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules --hydrogen and carbon shar electrons better and dont have partial uneven charges --dont like things that are charged - correct answers what type of molecules do not dissolve in water? doesnt like water non polar - correct answers hydrophobic likes water polar - correct answers hydrophillic molecules with atoms of equal electronegativity - correct answers non polar molecules most common chains long chains of carbons with hydrogens attached --fats and oils - correct answers hydrocarbon electrons are evenly shared non polar hydrophobic - correct answers what is the structure of a methane (CH4) molecule? where are electrons found? wants to have 8 electrons - correct answers why are carbon atoms the backbone of biological macromolecules? carbohydrates proteins nucleic acids lipids - correct answers 4 main classes of macromolecules monomers that are hooked together by chemical bonds --formed by anabolic (synthesis) reactions -------condensation or dehydration reactions ------------removal of water molecules hydrogen from one monomers and OH from another monomer join together and leave two monomers - correct answers polymers chains of repeating subunit - correct answers monomers decomposition, break down - correct answers lysis starches, fiber, sugar, grains, cellulose, chitin, Cn(H20)n --Monomers- monosaccharide (sugar), pentoses (5- carbon sugars), hexoses (6-carbon sugars) - correct answers carbohydrates dehydration creates disaccharide from two monosaccharides anabolic energy storage - correct answers disaccharides of carbohydrates animals (glycogen) fungi/insects (chitin) plants (starches, cellulose, amylopectin) function: storage - correct answers polysaccharides of carbohydrates hydrophobic-- all non-polar, electronegativity, electrons are evenly shared between carbon and hydrogen - correct answers lipids full of hydrogens- single bonds between solid since single bond its a straight chain - correct answers saturated lipids not full of hydrogen- double and triple bonds liquid since double bonds creates a kind in molecule and prevents them from stacking tightly on top of each other (oils) - correct answers unsaturated lipids not made of monomers, no repeating chains - correct answers why are lipids not considered to be polymers hydrophilic head (Polar) hydrophobic tail (non polar) form membranes with hydrophobic on the inside and hydrophilic ends on the outside - correct answers phospholipids hydrophilic and hydrophobic - correct answers amphipathic steroid, ring studcture, sex characteristics, single cell membrane, bilateral gynadromorphy= one hlad is female one half is male - correct answers cholesterold, testosterone, and estrogen amino acids -amine (NH2) -carboxylic acid (COOH)