Zoology Exam 1 (Kingdom Animalia)
Questions with Correct Answers
Kingdom Animalia - ANSWERS-Eukaryotic
-Heterotrophic
-Multicellular
-Cells specialized for specific functions (so spend less energy on certain things in the
body)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Environment: Marine - ANSWERS-provide: relatively
stable temp. and food readily available
-fluid and salt balance (more easily maintained than in fresh water)
-disadvantages: currents and other water movements
Advantages and Disadvantages of Environment: Fresh Water - ANSWERS-less
constant environment (always changing)
-less food
-animals must osmoregulate (regulate water flowing into the body)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Environment: Terrestrial Animals -
ANSWERSAdaptations:
-protections from desiccation
-protection from temp changes
-protect their gametes and embryos
Parazoa - ANSWERSgroup of cells; animal-like; multicellular
Radiala - ANSWERSradial symmetry
Bilateral - ANSWERSequal R and L
Acoelomates - ANSWERSno body cavity
Pseudocoelomates - ANSWERSfalse body cavity
Coelomates - ANSWERSbody cavity
Phylum Porifera (sponges) - ANSWERS-draws food and water into its body through tiny
pores
-sponges
-"parazoa"-aggregations of cells (function as group of cells; can be pulled apart
-dont have true tissues
, -mostly marine
-sessile-build on some type of substrate
-NO true organs
-some with symbiotic bacteria or algae (commensalism)
-many animals live as commensals
-chanocytes- one of cells within a sponge- lined the interior of sponges
-interior of sponge- spongocoel lined with choanocytes
-flagellated for water movement
-digestion is intracellular within individual choanocytes
cytes - ANSWERScell
choanocytes - ANSWERSPhylum Porifera
one of cells within a sponge- lined the interior of sponges
Archaeocytes - ANSWERSPhylum Porifera
-digestion
-differentiate into other cell types that secrete spicules, spongin, and collagen
Pinacocytes - ANSWERSPhylum Porifera
-thin, flat, epithelial cells
-help regulate surface area
Phylum Porifera Pt. II - ANSWERSArchaeocytes, pinacocytes
skeletal support-embedded in mesohyl (spicules-rigid; siliceious or calcareous support;
makeup determines classification
-spongin (fibrous form of collagen)
Sponge Structure - ANSWERS-tiny openings for water to enter (ostia)
-centered cavity (spongocoel)
-open end (osculum for water to exit)
Sponge feeding - ANSWERSfilter feeding
-filtration rates (as high as 1500 L/day)
-feed on plankton and bacteria
-digestion- 100% intracellular
3 body types for sponges - ANSWERS-asconoid
-syconoid
-leuconoid
Asconoid - ANSWERS-simplest
-central spongocoel
-small and tube-shaped
-limitations (food collection and limits to small and tube shaped)
-by being small and vase shaped, they can take more food in
Questions with Correct Answers
Kingdom Animalia - ANSWERS-Eukaryotic
-Heterotrophic
-Multicellular
-Cells specialized for specific functions (so spend less energy on certain things in the
body)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Environment: Marine - ANSWERS-provide: relatively
stable temp. and food readily available
-fluid and salt balance (more easily maintained than in fresh water)
-disadvantages: currents and other water movements
Advantages and Disadvantages of Environment: Fresh Water - ANSWERS-less
constant environment (always changing)
-less food
-animals must osmoregulate (regulate water flowing into the body)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Environment: Terrestrial Animals -
ANSWERSAdaptations:
-protections from desiccation
-protection from temp changes
-protect their gametes and embryos
Parazoa - ANSWERSgroup of cells; animal-like; multicellular
Radiala - ANSWERSradial symmetry
Bilateral - ANSWERSequal R and L
Acoelomates - ANSWERSno body cavity
Pseudocoelomates - ANSWERSfalse body cavity
Coelomates - ANSWERSbody cavity
Phylum Porifera (sponges) - ANSWERS-draws food and water into its body through tiny
pores
-sponges
-"parazoa"-aggregations of cells (function as group of cells; can be pulled apart
-dont have true tissues
, -mostly marine
-sessile-build on some type of substrate
-NO true organs
-some with symbiotic bacteria or algae (commensalism)
-many animals live as commensals
-chanocytes- one of cells within a sponge- lined the interior of sponges
-interior of sponge- spongocoel lined with choanocytes
-flagellated for water movement
-digestion is intracellular within individual choanocytes
cytes - ANSWERScell
choanocytes - ANSWERSPhylum Porifera
one of cells within a sponge- lined the interior of sponges
Archaeocytes - ANSWERSPhylum Porifera
-digestion
-differentiate into other cell types that secrete spicules, spongin, and collagen
Pinacocytes - ANSWERSPhylum Porifera
-thin, flat, epithelial cells
-help regulate surface area
Phylum Porifera Pt. II - ANSWERSArchaeocytes, pinacocytes
skeletal support-embedded in mesohyl (spicules-rigid; siliceious or calcareous support;
makeup determines classification
-spongin (fibrous form of collagen)
Sponge Structure - ANSWERS-tiny openings for water to enter (ostia)
-centered cavity (spongocoel)
-open end (osculum for water to exit)
Sponge feeding - ANSWERSfilter feeding
-filtration rates (as high as 1500 L/day)
-feed on plankton and bacteria
-digestion- 100% intracellular
3 body types for sponges - ANSWERS-asconoid
-syconoid
-leuconoid
Asconoid - ANSWERS-simplest
-central spongocoel
-small and tube-shaped
-limitations (food collection and limits to small and tube shaped)
-by being small and vase shaped, they can take more food in
