NR571 final abdomen UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
acute pancreatitis fluids most important treatment=lactated Ringer's or normal saline are initially bolused
at 15-20 mL/kg (1050-1400 mL),followed by 2-3 mL/kg per hour (200-250 mL/h),
maintain urine output >0.5 mL/kg per hour is for
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to fatty infiltration of the liver in the absence of alcohol consumption,
chronic hepatotoxic medication use, and hereditary disorders is called
NAFLD progression simple steatosis (fatty hepatitis), fibrosis, cirrhosis, as well as hepatocellular
carcinoma is when
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) presence of hepatic injury with inflammation with or without fibrosis constitutes
NALFD development Obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome are
known to be associated with the
patients with NAFLD likely to have cardiovascular risk factors, asymptomatic, when symptoms
irreversible hepatocellular damage.
NAFLD lab findings mild elevations in AST and ALT, with elevated (GGT) a marker of increased
mortality in
NAFLD advanced you see hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged
PT, dysfunction of the hepatic system seen in
liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH.
NAFLD and NASH is sustained weight loss with a recommended 5-10% reduction is first line
treatment for
NAFLD and NASH priority hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and adequate glycemic control, should be priority
in
metabolic syndrome (NAFLD-MS) tool for NAFLD, include BMI, AST/ALT ratio, presence of T2DM, and central
obesity , for early detection
NAFLD clinical trial are being conducted using anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, and immune therapies for
the treatment
appendix is a small pouch of tissue that attaches to the cecum of the large intestine,
important role in our immune system as a storage for probiotics.
Acute appendicitis life-threatening condition, If rupture, toxins are released into the abdominal cavity
leading to peritonitis, sepsis, and possible death what is it
, lumen-narrowing conditions faecoliths (food that has not been broken down completed), metastasis, solid
tumors, intestinal parasites, scarring, and inflammatory bowel disease are all
examples
appendiceal lumen obstruction bacterial proliferation leads to inflammation and increase pressure within organ,
blood flow and lymph is impeded leading to vascular thrombosis and ischemic
necrosis what is this
appendicitis complication perforation of the distal portion of the appendix may occur, lead to peritonitis
and sepsis.
Risk factors of appendicitis >males, 2nd decade of life, low in fiber, high carbs,
genetics, extended breastfeeding appears to DIMINISH the risk of appendicitis in
children are risk factors for
Risk of perforation of appendicitis (very young, very old), immunosuppressed, diabetics,
obstruction (faecolith), previous abdominal surgery
economically disadvantaged are risk for
acute appendicitis tell-tale localized right lower quadrant pain, anorexia, N/V are
Acute appendicitis symptoms bloating, loss of appetite, or diarrhea, N/V after pain, vague, intermittent, and
"crampy" in the epigastric or umbilical area, Within 12-24 hours, the pain (right
lower quadrant) sharper are s/s
Physical findings appendicitis low to moderate fever, normal or hypoactive bowel sounds, RLQ tenderness,
Rectal or vaginal tenderness, + Rovsing's obturator or psoas are
peritonitis Involuntary guarding, rebound tenderness, and abdominal rigidity are signs of
Differential Diagnosis abdominal pain cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, pyelonephritis or, nephrolithiasis, inflammatory
bowel disease, pancreatitis
pelvic inflammatory disease, gastroenteritis, mittelschmerz
ovarian cyst are differential for
Test of Appendicitis CBC, CMP, lipase & amylase, inflammatory markers (CRP/ESR), urinalysis, and
urine pregnancy test, Alvaredo score is one validated tool, Ultrasound,
abdominal/pelvis CT scan are
a perforation If free air is seen under the diaphragm, a ? within the GI tract, may reveal a
phlegmon or an intraperitoneal Exlap needed
Hemodynamic Support appendicitis fluid resuscitation, and vasopressors, 02, vent ACLS are
Laparoscopic appendectomy preferable, lower postoperative complications, better wound healing, shorter stay
what procedure
open exploratory laparotomy appendicitis necessary with appendix rupture with peritonitis what surgery
Peritonitis treatment gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic cocci coverage should be added when
acute pancreatitis fluids most important treatment=lactated Ringer's or normal saline are initially bolused
at 15-20 mL/kg (1050-1400 mL),followed by 2-3 mL/kg per hour (200-250 mL/h),
maintain urine output >0.5 mL/kg per hour is for
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to fatty infiltration of the liver in the absence of alcohol consumption,
chronic hepatotoxic medication use, and hereditary disorders is called
NAFLD progression simple steatosis (fatty hepatitis), fibrosis, cirrhosis, as well as hepatocellular
carcinoma is when
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) presence of hepatic injury with inflammation with or without fibrosis constitutes
NALFD development Obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome are
known to be associated with the
patients with NAFLD likely to have cardiovascular risk factors, asymptomatic, when symptoms
irreversible hepatocellular damage.
NAFLD lab findings mild elevations in AST and ALT, with elevated (GGT) a marker of increased
mortality in
NAFLD advanced you see hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged
PT, dysfunction of the hepatic system seen in
liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of NAFLD and NASH.
NAFLD and NASH is sustained weight loss with a recommended 5-10% reduction is first line
treatment for
NAFLD and NASH priority hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and adequate glycemic control, should be priority
in
metabolic syndrome (NAFLD-MS) tool for NAFLD, include BMI, AST/ALT ratio, presence of T2DM, and central
obesity , for early detection
NAFLD clinical trial are being conducted using anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic, and immune therapies for
the treatment
appendix is a small pouch of tissue that attaches to the cecum of the large intestine,
important role in our immune system as a storage for probiotics.
Acute appendicitis life-threatening condition, If rupture, toxins are released into the abdominal cavity
leading to peritonitis, sepsis, and possible death what is it
, lumen-narrowing conditions faecoliths (food that has not been broken down completed), metastasis, solid
tumors, intestinal parasites, scarring, and inflammatory bowel disease are all
examples
appendiceal lumen obstruction bacterial proliferation leads to inflammation and increase pressure within organ,
blood flow and lymph is impeded leading to vascular thrombosis and ischemic
necrosis what is this
appendicitis complication perforation of the distal portion of the appendix may occur, lead to peritonitis
and sepsis.
Risk factors of appendicitis >males, 2nd decade of life, low in fiber, high carbs,
genetics, extended breastfeeding appears to DIMINISH the risk of appendicitis in
children are risk factors for
Risk of perforation of appendicitis (very young, very old), immunosuppressed, diabetics,
obstruction (faecolith), previous abdominal surgery
economically disadvantaged are risk for
acute appendicitis tell-tale localized right lower quadrant pain, anorexia, N/V are
Acute appendicitis symptoms bloating, loss of appetite, or diarrhea, N/V after pain, vague, intermittent, and
"crampy" in the epigastric or umbilical area, Within 12-24 hours, the pain (right
lower quadrant) sharper are s/s
Physical findings appendicitis low to moderate fever, normal or hypoactive bowel sounds, RLQ tenderness,
Rectal or vaginal tenderness, + Rovsing's obturator or psoas are
peritonitis Involuntary guarding, rebound tenderness, and abdominal rigidity are signs of
Differential Diagnosis abdominal pain cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, pyelonephritis or, nephrolithiasis, inflammatory
bowel disease, pancreatitis
pelvic inflammatory disease, gastroenteritis, mittelschmerz
ovarian cyst are differential for
Test of Appendicitis CBC, CMP, lipase & amylase, inflammatory markers (CRP/ESR), urinalysis, and
urine pregnancy test, Alvaredo score is one validated tool, Ultrasound,
abdominal/pelvis CT scan are
a perforation If free air is seen under the diaphragm, a ? within the GI tract, may reveal a
phlegmon or an intraperitoneal Exlap needed
Hemodynamic Support appendicitis fluid resuscitation, and vasopressors, 02, vent ACLS are
Laparoscopic appendectomy preferable, lower postoperative complications, better wound healing, shorter stay
what procedure
open exploratory laparotomy appendicitis necessary with appendix rupture with peritonitis what surgery
Peritonitis treatment gram-negative bacilli and anaerobic cocci coverage should be added when
