Bio 121 Final Exam (Quiz Questions) and verified correct detailed answers with rationales already graded a+.

Which of the following IS NOT a characteristic found in ALL life? Life has the ability to grow/develop All life must be able to react or respond to the environment All life consumes food to survive All life demonstrates evolutionary adaptations All life must be able to reproduce - correct answers All life consumes food to survive Which of the following levels of biological organization includes all of the others? Community Population Organism Cell Organ/organ system - correct answers Community After an evening class, you observe that the entrance to Parkhouse Hall is swarming with Spotted Lanternflies. Which of the following would be the best example of the hypothesis related to that observation? Spotted Lanternflies must be destroyed when possible. Spotted Lanternflies are drawn to the bright lights around the building entrance. Why do Spotted Lanternflies seem to congregate in some areas more than others? Spotted Lanternflies are gross Will turning off the lights prevent Spotted Lanternflies from gathering around some buildings? - correct answers Spotted Lanternflies are drawn to the bright lights around the building entrance. There are several controlled experiments that have been ongoing to determine whether or not experimental coronavirus vaccines generate protective immune responses. One way that they evaluate the vaccines is by measuring the antibodies that are generated in response to the vaccine. Which of the following best describes the nature of the antibody responses? Control group Dependent variable Experimental group Placebo Independent variable - correct answers Dependent variable Which of the following unifying themes is demonstrated by the observation that during exercise, your heart rate and respiration increase in response to elevated CO2 levels in the blood. The relationship of structure to function Evolution Information flow Interactions between biological systems Pathways that transform energy and matter - correct answers Information flow Which of the following IS NOT an observation that helped Darwin to formulate his theory of evolution? Animals in temperate regions of South America (cooler regions) more closely resembled animals in the tropical regions of South America rather than the animals of temperate regions of Europe. Animals in isolated environments often resembled other animals in the region, but seemed to have adaptations unique to their local environment. Fossilized plants and animals in South America resembled contemporary/living plants and animals in South America ALL OF THESE are observations that helped Darwin to formulate his theory of evolution. - correct answers ALL OF THESE are observations that helped Darwin to formulate his theory of evolution. True or false? A prolonged drought causes the evolution of plants that use less water. - correct answers FALSE True or false? The fact that penguins and robins both have similar wing structures that have been adapted for unique uses demonstrates homology. - correct answers TRUE Which of the following are lines of evidence that support the theory of evolution? Select all that apply. Similarities in fetal development of animals Transitional forms discovered in the fossil record The intelligence displayed by humans Vestigial structures Homology in the DNA sequence between more closely related species - correct answers Transitional forms discovered in the fossil record Vestigial structures Homology in the DNA sequence between more closely related species Similarities in fetal development of animals In the figure, which number represents the common ancestor between a frog and a snake? - correct answers 2 Artificial or Natural Selection? Bacteria that are more resistant to antibiotics survive treatment, repopulate the patient, and spread to their family members - correct answers Natural Artificial or Natural Selection? Deer with a darker coats survive at higher rates as a grassland transitions to a forest and over time the population becomes darker - correct answers Natural Artificial or Natural Selection? Chickens that grow more muscular more quickly are selected for breeding by farmers - correct answers Artificial Artificial or Natural Selection? Corals that resist the impact of ocean acidification replace more sensitive coral species - correct answers Natural Artificial or Natural Selection? Crossing apricots and plums to grow a new type of fruit - correct answers Artificial Four elements make up ~96% of the mass of the human body. Which of the following is NOT one of those four elements? Carbon Iron Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen - correct answers Iron In the example of chromium, what does the number 24 (top left corner) indicate? - correct answers This number tells you the number of protons this element possesses Imagine that you had an atom of nitrogen containing 7 protons. If you took away a proton and electron, what would you be left with? - correct answers A new element Considering the electron distribution, which of the following can form two covalent bonds (select all that apply) Fluorine Chlorine Sulfur Oxygen Helium Nitrogen - correct answers Fluorine Chlorine Sulfur Oxygen Helium Nitrogen What type of bond is being illustrated by solid lines between the oxygen and hydrogen WITHIN each water molecule? - correct answers Covalent bonds 6 CO2 + 6 H2O - C6H12O6 + 6 O2 How many molecules of product are there in the chemical reaction described above? - correct answers 7 What key property of water is demonstrated by the fact that organisms such as fish survive at the bottom of ponds through even a harsh winter? - correct answers Solid water has a lower density compared to liquid water Which of the following substances would be most likely to give protons (H+) into a solution? **pH Bleach Milk Baking soda Blood Vinegar - correct answers Vinegar True or false? If you are measuring a child's temperature, you are measuring how fast molecules are moving in that child's body. - correct answers TRUE True or false? When you stir sugar into your morning coffee, the sugar is acting as a solvent. - correct answers FALSE Which of the following is TRUE of carbon? Carbon is capable of forming 4 ionic bonds due to having 4 unpaired electrons Carbon can form large molecules through extensive hydrogen bonding Carbon can share electrons in up to 4 covalent bonds Silicon can be used to substitute for carbon if need be - correct answers Carbon can share electrons in up to 4 covalent bonds Amino Functional Group - correct answers N bonded to two H Phosphate Functional Group - correct answers O double-bonded to P with 3 other single O bonds Carboxyl Functional Group - correct answers O double bonded to C with a single bond to R and OH Methyl Functional Group - correct answers C bonded to three single bonded H Carbonyl Functional Group - correct answers O double bonded to C with two single bonded R Hydroxyl Functional Group - correct answers O single bonded to R and H Which of the following is NOT TRUE of dehydration synthesis? Larger molecules can be made from smaller subunits using dehydration synthesis The breakdown of the sugar lactose into the smaller sugars glucose and galactose would be an example of dehydration synthesis Many polymers are the product of dehydration synthesis The process of dehydration synthesis results in the removal of a water molecule - correct answers The breakdown of the sugar lactose into the smaller sugars glucose and galactose would be an example of dehydration synthesis Which of the following IS NOT a polymer? Protein Starch RNA Phospholipid DNA - correct answers Phospholipid How would you classify this molecule? - correct answers Disaccharide How many fatty acid chains could potentially be joined to glycerol (maximum)? - correct answers 3 What type of molecule is being depicted below? - correct answers Unsaturated triglyceride What is being indicated by the red arrow? - correct answers Peptide Bond What level of protein structure involves covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds influencing the arrangement of alpha helices and pleated sheats within a polypeptide chain? - correct answers Tertiary Imagine that you are given a nucleic acid and you are asked to determine if it is DNA or RNA. Which of the following would indicate DNA, but not RNA? Adenine Cytosine Thymine Guanine Phosphate - correct answers Thymine You have discovered a single strand of ancient DNA with the nucleotide sequence of ATGCC. What would you expect the sequence of the complementary strand to be? - correct answers TACGG Found in Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, or Both? DNA chromosomes - correct answers Prokaryotic and eukaryotic Found in Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, or Both? Ribosomes - correct answers Prokaryotic and eukaryotic Found in Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, or Both? Lysosomes - correct answers Eukaryotic Found in Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, or Both? Cell wall - correct answers Prokaryotic and eukaryotic Found in Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, or Both? Fimbriae - correct answers Prokaryotic Regarding the image above, which of the following is TRUE? This image was formed using a scanning electron microscope This image was formed using a transmission electron microscope This type of microscopy requires very carefully crafted glass lenses so the light will allow magnification beyond 1,000x The type of microscopy illustrated in the image above shows high resolution detail of the interior of a thinly-sliced specimen This image was formed using a light microscope - correct answers This image was formed using a scanning electron microscope True or false? If a light microscope has a maximum resolution of 0.2-0.4 microns, this means that it can distinguish between two object separated by 0.2-0.4 microns. - correct answers TRUE Which of the following best explains the small size of most cells? Cells need to be small to maintain their structure Cells need to be small to avoid predators Cells must be small so that they can divide easily Cells need to transport materials across their membranes, so a high surface area relative to volume will optimize this transport Most cells want to limit their exposure to the environment and so they will maximize their volume relative to their surface area - correct answers Cells need to transport materials across their membranes, so a high surface area relative to volume will optimize this transport