Biology 121 EXAM 1 Chapters 1-3 multiple choices prep questions solutions guaranteed.

Descent with modification: genetic change in a population or species over generations: the heritable changes that have produced Earth's diversity of organisms. Changes in DNA through time. - correct answers Evolution The scientific study of life - correct answers Biology 1. Reproduction 2. Growth and Development 3. Energy Use 4. Order 5. Cells 6. Response to the Environment 7. Evolution - correct answers List the 7 Properties of life that ALL living organisms share 1. Biosphere 2. Ecosystem 3. Community 4. Population 5. Organism 6. Organ System and Organ 7. Tissue 8. Cell 9. Organelle 10. Molecule - correct answers The levels of the biological organizations The global ecosystem: the entire portion of Earth inhabited by life; all of life and where it lives at - correct answers Biosphere All the organisms in a give area, along with the nonliving (abiotic) factors with which they interact: a biological community and its physical environment - correct answers Ecosystem All the organisms inhabiting and potentially interacting in a particular area; an assemblage of populations of different species - correct answers Community A group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area at the same time. - correct answers Population An individual living thing, such as a bacterium, fungus, protist, plant or animal. - correct answers Organisms A group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions - correct answers Organ systems A structure consisting of two or more tissues that coordinate to perform specific functions - correct answers Organ An integrated group of similar cells that performs a specific function within a multicellular organism - correct answers Tissue A basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life - correct answers Cell A membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a eukaryotic cell - correct answers Organelle A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds - correct answers Molecule Reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study - correct answers Reductionism A trait that appears once the smaller parts are made/combined. For example the movement of amino acids into a protein. An amino acid, by itself, cannot perform the tasks of an enzyme, but if you assemble the correct ones together in the correct order, they become an enzyme. - correct answers emergent properties The exploration of a biological system by analyzing the interactions among its parts - correct answers Systems Biology The smallest unit of organization that can perform all activities required for life - correct answers Cell 1. bacteria and archaea 2. No nucleus 3. no organelles 4. Smaller the DNA is not separated from the rest of the cell by enclosure in a membrane-bounded nucleus. - correct answers Prokaryotic 1. Plants and animals 2. Contains organelles 3. Contains a nucleus 4. Bigger is subdivided by internal membranes into various membrane-enclosed organelles. - correct answers Eukaryotic Deoxyribonucleic acid; carries hereditary information that guides development and functioning - correct answers DNA The units of inheritance that transmit information from parents to offspring - correct answers Genes The alphabet of inheritance, specific sequential arrangements of these four chemical letters encodes the information in genes (A, T, C, G) - correct answers Nucleotides The entire 'library' of genetic instructions that an organism inherits - correct answers genome The process by which the information contained within a gene becomes a useful product. - correct answers Gene Expression The study of whole sets of genes in one or more species - correct answers Genomics The study of sets of proteins and their properties - correct answers Proteomics The entire set of proteins expressed by a given cell or group of cells - correct answers Proteome the collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biological information using computers - correct answers Bioinformatics The input of energy, primarily from the sun, and the transformation of energy from one form to another - correct answers What makes life possible Organisms such as plants that make their own food - correct answers Producers Organisms such as animals that feed on producers and other consumers - correct answers Consumers 1. There is a one-way flow of energy in an ecosystem: during photosynthesis, plants convert energy from sunlight to chemical energy (stored in food molecules), which is used by plants to do work and is eventually lost from the ecosystem as heat. Chemicals cycle between organism and the environment. - correct answers Energy flow and chemical cycling Responses that trigger other processes - correct answers Feedback regulation A response that reduces the initial stimulus Ex: insulin for high blood glucose levels - correct answers Negative Feedback An end product that speeds up its own production Ex the clotting of blood in response to an injury - correct answers Positive feedback The branch of biology that names and classifies species - correct answers Taxonomy 1. Unicellular 2. Found everywhere 3. Some cause disease in humans, but most are beneficial - correct answers Domain Bacteria 1. Unicellular 2. Often live in extreme conditions, such as environments that are very hot, salty, or acidic - correct answers Domain Archea 1. Unicellular or multicellular 2. Larger, more sophisticated cells 3. more membrane 4. more complex with chemical reactions - correct answers Domain Eurkarya Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Animalia, and Protists - correct answers What are the four types of Domain Eukarya 1. Multicellular 2. Carries out photosynthesis - correct answers Kingdom Plante 1. Single-celled 2. Decompose and digest dead organisms - correct answers Kingdom Fungi 1. Multicellular 2. Eat and digest other organisms - correct answers Kingdom Animalia 1. Unicellular 2. Catch-all category for all remaining eukaryotes includes many kingdoms - correct answers Protists Indivduals with inherited traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce - correct answers Natural Selections Was the first to propose a working mechanism that was able to accurately describe HOW evolution could have produced the diversity of life on our planet. - correct answers What was Charles Darwin's contribution to Evolution Diversity; unity - correct answers The differences in environments, has led to extreme ______ of life, but the similarity at the level of the DNA molecule within all cells had led to the _____ of life as well. Kill the weak, selected the strong ones - correct answers Describe how natural selection can be used to describe why bacteria have evolved a resistance to antibiotics An approach to understand the natural world - correct answers Science a search for information and explanation, often focusing on specific questions - correct answers Inquiry items of information on which scientific inquiry is based - correct answers Data (numbers) data in the form of recorded descriptions; numerical - correct answers qualitative data data recorded as measurements, often presented as tables and graphs - correct answers quantitative data Drawing conclusions from evidence "The sun always rise from the east" - correct answers Inductive Reasoning a tentative answer to a well-framed question, an educated guess based on experience and the data available from discovery science - correct answers Hypothesis