Test Bank for Pathophysiology 9th Edition | McCance & Huether

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TEST BANK FOR
PATHOPHYSIOLOG
Y 9TH EDITION
MCCANCE,
HUETHER
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology


MULTIPLE CHOICE



1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.

b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.

ANS: C

In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their surroundings.
The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic absorption.



PTS: 1 REF: Page 2



2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:

a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus

b. Ribosome d. Lysosome

ANS: C

The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of the
cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its activity. The other
options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.

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PTS: 1 REF: Page 2



3. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to remove
hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes

b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes

ANS: B




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Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen
atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant
and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein
complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm
through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures
that originate from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved
in enzyme production.



PTS: 1 REF: Page 8



4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell injury?

a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes

ANS: D




The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes within the
lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the
membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which
can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not
correctly describe this process.



PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8



5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas cells
from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?

a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.

b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome for
synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.

c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for
synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.




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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi complex for
synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.

ANS: A

The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for synthesis, and
is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not correctly describe
this process.

.

PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5



6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

a. G1 c. G2

b. S d. M

ANS: B

The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period between
the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S = synthesis), during which
DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs,
the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase,
which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.



PTS: 1 REF: Page 37



7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors,
transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?

a. Lipids c. Proteins

b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates

ANS: C




Proteins act as (1) recognition and binding units (receptors) for substances moving in and out of the cell;
(2) pores or transport channels for various electrically charged particles called ions or electrolytes and
specific carriers for amino acids and monosaccharides; and

(3) specific enzymes that drive active pumps that promote the concentration of certain ions, particularly
potassium (K+), within the cell while keeping concentrations of other ions, for example, sodium (Na+),




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