BIOL 355 MIDTERM 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Gerontolgy - ANSWER ALL aspects of aging
- is a branch of science
- Deals directly with the broad STUDY of the aging process
- Usually is from the onset of maturity to death
- is a multidisciplinary field (includes bio, psych and econ perspectives)
Gerontologist - ANSWER utilize multidisciplinary concepts and approaches in an
attempt to understand ALL aspects of complex aging process
Geriatrics - ANSWER Branch of specialized MEDICINE (health care)
Deals with medical care and treatment of elderly
Relies heavily on the field of Gerontology (can't practice without understanding the
process)
Geriatricians - ANSWER Primarily concerned with the health, care, diseases, and
treatment of older adults (holistic approach that takes into many factors of the elderly
patient-health, comfort, treatments, living conditions)
Primary difference for geriatrics is _______ - ANSWER CAUSE for aging (in terms of
medication and disease/comfort/care)
3 main academic areas that contribute to gerontology - ANSWER Biology
Psychological
Social
,Biological Aging - ANSWER concerned with longevity
how/why body changes with age
demographics of aging
neuropsychology of aging
medical gerontology
Psychological Aging - ANSWER concerned with adaptive capabilities (ie memory)
Behaviour: attitudes, motivation, emotions (personality changes)
Social Aging - ANSWER Concerned with roles and expectations of society (ie parents
become grandparents)
Births, deaths
Retirement
Societal Roles
Gerontology is an ________ and _______ field - ANSWER interdisciplinary and
multidisciplinary
IE
Frailty, stress and depression-> increase in cortisol-> affects many organs-> increased
risk of infection
Holistic Approach - ANSWER All aspects are equally important in the aging process of
an individual
AND
Interaction of all these processes will contribute to shape an individual's aging course
or path
BUT none can impact or alter chronological aging
Biogerontology - ANSWER The scientific investigation of biological mechanisms of how
,and why we age
Looks at PHYSICAL CHANGES in body structure that occurs with increased age
these normal physical changes could lead to changes in:
1. Appearance (wrinkles, grey hair, decrease in height and mobility)
2. Functional Capacity
Aging begins with a - ANSWER decrease in functional capacity (changes in DNA,
proteins, cellular levels)
Abnormal age-related changes - ANSWER cellular changes keep compounding and it
may lead to crossing over the normal aging process into the disease and abnormal level
also include functional restrictions and impairments often associated with advanced
age
True or False: Elderly become homogenous - ANSWER False
they become more different
Chronological Age - ANSWER Passage of time from birth for that individual
Poor indicator of biological age
Why is chronological age a poor indicator of biological age - ANSWER 1. Subjective-
since it is based only on time (does not reflect tremendous amounts of biological
variation in how individuals age, based on numerous exposure to many conditions)
2. Arbitrary-cohort effect, elderly grow up in different times/places
3. Relative- survivorship effect, where you are in own lifespan
These are also all different in magnitude and type
Is time relevant at the biological level? - ANSWER No
Does not reflect individual differences, exposure or predisposition
, Choronological age categories are useful for _____ but are not useful for _____.
Why? - ANSWER populations
expressing aging of individuals
biological aging does not equal chronological aging
Biological age is based on a person's ______ - ANSWER functional capacity
Functional Capacity - ANSWER is a direct measure of the ability of our cells, tissues, and
organ systems to function properly/optimally
Biological human individuals are extremely diversified in their physiological aging
process in terms of: (3) - ANSWER 1. The ONSET(beginning) of the aging process
2. The RATE at which it progresses
3. The EXTENT to which it progresses
Aging of tissue - ANSWER Different tissues (ie in different organs) in different people will
age faster/slower
Factors that effect the time of onset, rate and extent of biological aging - ANSWER
Intrinsic
Exterinsic
Intrinsic factors - ANSWER Have no control:
Genetics (DNA)
-longevity genes
-death genes (BRACA)
-race
-gender (influence life expectancies- women live longer)
ANSWERS 100% PASS
Gerontolgy - ANSWER ALL aspects of aging
- is a branch of science
- Deals directly with the broad STUDY of the aging process
- Usually is from the onset of maturity to death
- is a multidisciplinary field (includes bio, psych and econ perspectives)
Gerontologist - ANSWER utilize multidisciplinary concepts and approaches in an
attempt to understand ALL aspects of complex aging process
Geriatrics - ANSWER Branch of specialized MEDICINE (health care)
Deals with medical care and treatment of elderly
Relies heavily on the field of Gerontology (can't practice without understanding the
process)
Geriatricians - ANSWER Primarily concerned with the health, care, diseases, and
treatment of older adults (holistic approach that takes into many factors of the elderly
patient-health, comfort, treatments, living conditions)
Primary difference for geriatrics is _______ - ANSWER CAUSE for aging (in terms of
medication and disease/comfort/care)
3 main academic areas that contribute to gerontology - ANSWER Biology
Psychological
Social
,Biological Aging - ANSWER concerned with longevity
how/why body changes with age
demographics of aging
neuropsychology of aging
medical gerontology
Psychological Aging - ANSWER concerned with adaptive capabilities (ie memory)
Behaviour: attitudes, motivation, emotions (personality changes)
Social Aging - ANSWER Concerned with roles and expectations of society (ie parents
become grandparents)
Births, deaths
Retirement
Societal Roles
Gerontology is an ________ and _______ field - ANSWER interdisciplinary and
multidisciplinary
IE
Frailty, stress and depression-> increase in cortisol-> affects many organs-> increased
risk of infection
Holistic Approach - ANSWER All aspects are equally important in the aging process of
an individual
AND
Interaction of all these processes will contribute to shape an individual's aging course
or path
BUT none can impact or alter chronological aging
Biogerontology - ANSWER The scientific investigation of biological mechanisms of how
,and why we age
Looks at PHYSICAL CHANGES in body structure that occurs with increased age
these normal physical changes could lead to changes in:
1. Appearance (wrinkles, grey hair, decrease in height and mobility)
2. Functional Capacity
Aging begins with a - ANSWER decrease in functional capacity (changes in DNA,
proteins, cellular levels)
Abnormal age-related changes - ANSWER cellular changes keep compounding and it
may lead to crossing over the normal aging process into the disease and abnormal level
also include functional restrictions and impairments often associated with advanced
age
True or False: Elderly become homogenous - ANSWER False
they become more different
Chronological Age - ANSWER Passage of time from birth for that individual
Poor indicator of biological age
Why is chronological age a poor indicator of biological age - ANSWER 1. Subjective-
since it is based only on time (does not reflect tremendous amounts of biological
variation in how individuals age, based on numerous exposure to many conditions)
2. Arbitrary-cohort effect, elderly grow up in different times/places
3. Relative- survivorship effect, where you are in own lifespan
These are also all different in magnitude and type
Is time relevant at the biological level? - ANSWER No
Does not reflect individual differences, exposure or predisposition
, Choronological age categories are useful for _____ but are not useful for _____.
Why? - ANSWER populations
expressing aging of individuals
biological aging does not equal chronological aging
Biological age is based on a person's ______ - ANSWER functional capacity
Functional Capacity - ANSWER is a direct measure of the ability of our cells, tissues, and
organ systems to function properly/optimally
Biological human individuals are extremely diversified in their physiological aging
process in terms of: (3) - ANSWER 1. The ONSET(beginning) of the aging process
2. The RATE at which it progresses
3. The EXTENT to which it progresses
Aging of tissue - ANSWER Different tissues (ie in different organs) in different people will
age faster/slower
Factors that effect the time of onset, rate and extent of biological aging - ANSWER
Intrinsic
Exterinsic
Intrinsic factors - ANSWER Have no control:
Genetics (DNA)
-longevity genes
-death genes (BRACA)
-race
-gender (influence life expectancies- women live longer)
