Advanced health assessment clinical diagnosis in
primary care 6th edition dains test bank
Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
____ 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
____ 3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
____ 4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must
be able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
____ 5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
____ 6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above
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, ____ 7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a: Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview Answer
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result Section
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result C.
Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition D. None of the MULTIPLE CHOICE
above
____ 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a: 1. ANS: B
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result D. Low percentage of experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors.
individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater
reliability with rare errors.
____ 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease PTS: 1
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease 2. ANS: D
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease and nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions.
____ 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations,
settings, and/or PTS: 1
patients? 3. ANS: C
A. Clinical practice guideline Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the
B. Clinical decision rule health history.
C. Clinical algorithm
PTS: 1
D. Clinical recommendation
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between
normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their
associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other
conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and
available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s
experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence
on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that
clinical reasoning be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly
being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
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, To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed
Powered by TCPDF (www. tcpd f.org )
to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in
clinical reasoning when properly applied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition
who show an abnormal, or positive, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage
of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a
normal result. The greater the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have
negative, or normal, results if they do not have the target condition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person
who has the target condition and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A
likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is associated with the disease; a likelihood
ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence of the disease.
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical
decision rules are evidence-based resources that provide probabilistic statements regarding the
likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables are met with regard to the prognosis of
patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are specific to
certain situations, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
PTS: 1
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, between the male and female
D. Circles are drawn around the
male and female
Chapter 2. An Overview of Genetic Assessment ____ 6. When analyzing the pedigree for autosomal dominant disorders, it is common to see:
A. Several generations of affected
Multiple Choice members
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. B. Many consanguineous
relationships
____ 1. The first step in the genomic assessment of a patient is obtaining information C. More members of the maternal
regarding: lineage affected than paternal
D. More members of the paternal
lineage affected than maternal
____ 7. In autosomal recessive (AR) disorders, individuals need:
A. Only one mutated gene on the
____ 2. An affected individual who manifests symptoms of a particular condition through sex chromosomes to acquire the disease
whom a family with a genetic disorder is ascertained is called a(n): B. Only one mutated gene to
acquire the disease
C. Two mutated genes to acquire
the disease
D. Two mutated genes to become
____ carriers
____ 8. In autosomal recessive disorders, carriers have:
A. Two mutated genes; one from
each parent that cause disease
B. A mutation on a sex chromosome
____ 4. To illustrate a union between two second cousin family members in a pedigree, draw: that causes a disease
C. A single gene mutation that
causes the disease
D. One copy of a gene mutation but
not the disease
____ 9. With an autosomal recessive disorder, it is important that parents understand that if
they both carry a mutation, the following are the risks to each of their offspring (each
pregnancy):
A. 50% chance that offspring will
____ 5. To illustrate two family members in an adoptive relationship in a carry the disease
pedigree: B. 10% chance of offspring affected
A. Arrows are drawn pointing to the by disease
male and female C. 25% chance children will carry
B. Brackets are drawn around the the disease
male and female D. 10% chance children will be
C. Double horizontal lines are drawn disease free
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primary care 6th edition dains test bank
Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which type of clinical decision-making is most reliable?
A. Intuitive
B. Analytical
C. Experiential
D. Augenblick
____ 2. Which of the following is false? To obtain adequate history, health-care providers must be:
A. Methodical and systematic
B. Attentive to the patient’s verbal and nonverbal language
C. Able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses
D. Adept at reading into the patient’s statements
____ 3. Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except:
A. Chief complaint
B. History of the present illness
C. Current vital signs
D. All of the above are essential history components
____ 4. Which of the following is false? While performing the physical examination, the examiner must
be able to:
A. Differentiate between normal and abnormal findings
B. Recall knowledge of a range of conditions and their associated signs and symptoms
C. Recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other conditions
D. Foresee unpredictable findings
____ 5. The following is the least reliable source of information for diagnostic statistics:
A. Evidence-based investigations
B. Primary reports of research
C. Estimation based on a provider’s experience
D. Published meta-analyses
____ 6. The following can be used to assist in sound clinical decision-making:
A. Algorithm published in a peer-reviewed journal article
B. Clinical practice guidelines
C. Evidence-based research
D. All of the above
This study source was downloaded by 100000830214522 from CourseHero.com on 02-16-2022 00:59:48 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/21739484/c1/
, ____ 7. If a diagnostic study has high sensitivity, this indicates a: Chapter 1. Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: Overview Answer
A. High percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result Section
B. Low percentage of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result C.
Low likelihood of normal result in persons without a given condition D. None of the MULTIPLE CHOICE
above
____ 8. If a diagnostic study has high specificity, this indicates a: 1. ANS: B
A. Low percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result Croskerry (2009) describes two major types of clinical diagnostic decision-making: intuitive and
B. High percentage of healthy individuals will show a normal result analytical. Intuitive decision-making (similar to Augenblink decision-making) is based on the
C. High percentage of individuals with a disorder will show a normal result D. Low percentage of experience and intuition of the clinician and is less reliable and paired with fairly common errors.
individuals with a disorder will show an abnormal result In contrast, analytical decision-making is based on careful consideration and has greater
reliability with rare errors.
____ 9. A likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a diagnostic test showing a:
A. Positive result is strongly associated with the disease PTS: 1
B. Negative result is strongly associated with absence of the disease 2. ANS: D
C. Positive result is weakly associated with the disease To obtain adequate history, providers must be well organized, attentive to the patient’s verbal
D. Negative result is weakly associated with absence of the disease and nonverbal language, and able to accurately interpret the patient’s responses to questions.
____ 10. Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource Rather than reading into the patient’s statements, they clarify any areas of uncertainty.
based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations,
settings, and/or PTS: 1
patients? 3. ANS: C
A. Clinical practice guideline Vital signs are part of the physical examination portion of patient assessment, not part of the
B. Clinical decision rule health history.
C. Clinical algorithm
PTS: 1
D. Clinical recommendation
4. ANS: D
While performing the physical examination, the examiner must be able to differentiate between
normal and abnormal findings, recall knowledge of a range of conditions, including their
associated signs and symptoms, recognize how certain conditions affect the response to other
conditions, and distinguish the relevance of varied abnormal findings.
PTS: 1
5. ANS: C
Sources for diagnostic statistics include textbooks, primary reports of research, and published
meta-analyses. Another source of statistics, the one that has been most widely used and
available for application to the reasoning process, is the estimation based on a provider’s
experience, although these are rarely accurate. Over the past decade, the availability of evidence
on which to base clinical reasoning is improving, and there is an increasing expectation that
clinical reasoning be based on scientific evidence. Evidence-based statistics are also increasingly
being used to develop resources to facilitate clinical decision-making.
PTS: 1
6. ANS: D
This study source was downloaded by 100000830214522 from CourseHero.com on 02-16-2022 00:59:48 GMT -06:00 This study source was downloaded by 100000830214522 from CourseHero.com on 02-16-2022 00:59:48 GMT -06:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/21739484/c1/ https://www.coursehero.com/file/21739484/c1/
, To assist in clinical decision-making, a number of evidence-based resources have been developed
Powered by TCPDF (www. tcpd f.org )
to assist the clinician. Resources, such as algorithms and clinical practice guidelines, assist in
clinical reasoning when properly applied.
PTS: 1
7. ANS: A
The sensitivity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of individuals with the target condition
who show an abnormal, or positive, result. A high sensitivity indicates that a greater percentage
of persons with the given condition will have an abnormal result.
PTS: 1
8. ANS: B
The specificity of a diagnostic study is the percentage of normal, healthy individuals who have a
normal result. The greater the specificity, the greater the percentage of individuals who will have
negative, or normal, results if they do not have the target condition.
PTS: 1
9. ANS: A
The likelihood ratio is the probability that a positive test result will be associated with a person
who has the target condition and a negative result will be associated with a healthy person. A
likelihood ratio above 1 indicates that a positive result is associated with the disease; a likelihood
ratio less than 1 indicates that a negative result is associated with an absence of the disease.
PTS: 1
10. ANS: B
Clinical decision (or prediction) rules provide another support for clinical reasoning. Clinical
decision rules are evidence-based resources that provide probabilistic statements regarding the
likelihood that a condition exists if certain variables are met with regard to the prognosis of
patients with specific findings. Decision rules use mathematical models and are specific to
certain situations, settings, and/or patient characteristics.
PTS: 1
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, between the male and female
D. Circles are drawn around the
male and female
Chapter 2. An Overview of Genetic Assessment ____ 6. When analyzing the pedigree for autosomal dominant disorders, it is common to see:
A. Several generations of affected
Multiple Choice members
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. B. Many consanguineous
relationships
____ 1. The first step in the genomic assessment of a patient is obtaining information C. More members of the maternal
regarding: lineage affected than paternal
D. More members of the paternal
lineage affected than maternal
____ 7. In autosomal recessive (AR) disorders, individuals need:
A. Only one mutated gene on the
____ 2. An affected individual who manifests symptoms of a particular condition through sex chromosomes to acquire the disease
whom a family with a genetic disorder is ascertained is called a(n): B. Only one mutated gene to
acquire the disease
C. Two mutated genes to acquire
the disease
D. Two mutated genes to become
____ carriers
____ 8. In autosomal recessive disorders, carriers have:
A. Two mutated genes; one from
each parent that cause disease
B. A mutation on a sex chromosome
____ 4. To illustrate a union between two second cousin family members in a pedigree, draw: that causes a disease
C. A single gene mutation that
causes the disease
D. One copy of a gene mutation but
not the disease
____ 9. With an autosomal recessive disorder, it is important that parents understand that if
they both carry a mutation, the following are the risks to each of their offspring (each
pregnancy):
A. 50% chance that offspring will
____ 5. To illustrate two family members in an adoptive relationship in a carry the disease
pedigree: B. 10% chance of offspring affected
A. Arrows are drawn pointing to the by disease
male and female C. 25% chance children will carry
B. Brackets are drawn around the the disease
male and female D. 10% chance children will be
C. Double horizontal lines are drawn disease free
This study source was downloaded by 100000830214522 from CourseHero.com on 02-16-2022 01:06:07 GMT -06:00 This study source was downloaded by 100000830214522 from CourseHero.com on 02-16-2022 01:06:07 GMT -06:00
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