BIO 250 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS - 100%
VERIFIED - LATEST 2026 - GUARANTEED PASS
1. Q: What is anatomy? ANSWER Anatomy is the study of the structure and
shape of the body and its parts.
2. Q: What is physiology? ANSWER Physiology is the study of how the
body and its parts work or function.
3. Q: What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?
ANSWER Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal
levels.
4. Q: What is homeostasis? ANSWER Homeostasis is the body's ability to
maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
5. Q: What are the three components of a homeostatic control mechanism?
ANSWER Receptor, control center, and effector.
6. Q: What is negative feedback? ANSWER A mechanism where the output
of a process inhibits or reduces the original stimulus to maintain homeostasis.
7. Q: Give an example of negative feedback. ANSWER Regulation of body
temperature - when temperature rises, mechanisms activate to cool the body
down.
8. Q: What is positive feedback? ANSWER A mechanism where the output
enhances or amplifies the original stimulus.
9. Q: Give an example of positive feedback. ANSWER Blood clotting or
childbirth contractions.
10. Q: What is the anatomical position? ANSWER Standing upright, feet
parallel, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
11. Q: What does "superior" mean? ANSWER Toward the head or upper
part of a structure.
,12. Q: What does "inferior" mean? ANSWER Away from the head or
toward the lower part of a structure.
13. Q: What does "anterior/ventral" mean? ANSWER Toward or at the
front of the body.
14. Q: What does "posterior/dorsal" mean? ANSWER Toward or at the
back of the body.
15. Q: What does "medial" mean? ANSWER Toward or at the midline of
the body.
16. Q: What does "lateral" mean? ANSWER Away from the midline of the
body.
17. Q: What is the sagittal plane? ANSWER A vertical plane that divides the
body into right and left parts.
18. Q: What is the frontal (coronal) plane? ANSWER A vertical plane that
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
19. Q: What is the transverse plane? ANSWER A horizontal plane that
divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
20. Q: Name the major body cavities. ANSWER Dorsal cavity (cranial and
spinal) and ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic).
SECTION 2: CHEMISTRY & CELLS (Questions 21-50)
21. Q: What are the four major elements in the human body? ANSWER
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON).
22. Q: What is an atom? ANSWER The smallest unit of matter that retains
the properties of an element.
23. Q: What is a molecule? ANSWER Two or more atoms joined by
chemical bonds.
24. Q: What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? ANSWER
Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing of
electrons.
25. Q: What is pH? ANSWER A measure of hydrogen ion concentration; the
acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
, 26. Q: What is the normal pH range of blood? ANSWER 7.35-7.45
(slightly alkaline).
27. Q: What are the four major organic compounds in the body?
ANSWER Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
28. Q: What is the primary function of carbohydrates? ANSWER To
provide quick energy for cells.
29. Q: What is the monomer of carbohydrates? ANSWER
Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose).
30. Q: What is the primary function of lipids? ANSWER Energy storage,
insulation, and forming cell membranes.
31. Q: What are the three types of lipids? ANSWER Triglycerides (fats),
phospholipids, and steroids.
32. Q: What is the monomer of proteins? ANSWER Amino acids.
33. Q: What is the primary function of proteins? ANSWER Structural
support, enzymes, transport, defense, and regulation.
34. Q: What are enzymes? ANSWER Biological catalysts that speed up
chemical reactions without being consumed.
35. Q: What are nucleic acids? ANSWER DNA and RNA - molecules that
store and transmit genetic information.
36. Q: What is ATP? ANSWER Adenosine triphosphate - the primary energy
currency of cells.
37. Q: What is the cell membrane composed of? ANSWER Phospholipid
bilayer with embedded proteins.
38. Q: What is the function of the nucleus? ANSWER Contains DNA and
controls cellular activities.
39. Q: What is the function of mitochondria? ANSWER Produce ATP
through cellular respiration (powerhouse of the cell).
40. Q: What is the function of ribosomes? ANSWER Protein synthesis.
41. Q: What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? ANSWER
Rough ER: protein synthesis; Smooth ER: lipid synthesis and detoxification.
42. Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? ANSWER Modifies,
packages, and ships proteins and lipids.
VERIFIED - LATEST 2026 - GUARANTEED PASS
1. Q: What is anatomy? ANSWER Anatomy is the study of the structure and
shape of the body and its parts.
2. Q: What is physiology? ANSWER Physiology is the study of how the
body and its parts work or function.
3. Q: What are the levels of structural organization in the human body?
ANSWER Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organismal
levels.
4. Q: What is homeostasis? ANSWER Homeostasis is the body's ability to
maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
5. Q: What are the three components of a homeostatic control mechanism?
ANSWER Receptor, control center, and effector.
6. Q: What is negative feedback? ANSWER A mechanism where the output
of a process inhibits or reduces the original stimulus to maintain homeostasis.
7. Q: Give an example of negative feedback. ANSWER Regulation of body
temperature - when temperature rises, mechanisms activate to cool the body
down.
8. Q: What is positive feedback? ANSWER A mechanism where the output
enhances or amplifies the original stimulus.
9. Q: Give an example of positive feedback. ANSWER Blood clotting or
childbirth contractions.
10. Q: What is the anatomical position? ANSWER Standing upright, feet
parallel, arms at sides, palms facing forward.
11. Q: What does "superior" mean? ANSWER Toward the head or upper
part of a structure.
,12. Q: What does "inferior" mean? ANSWER Away from the head or
toward the lower part of a structure.
13. Q: What does "anterior/ventral" mean? ANSWER Toward or at the
front of the body.
14. Q: What does "posterior/dorsal" mean? ANSWER Toward or at the
back of the body.
15. Q: What does "medial" mean? ANSWER Toward or at the midline of
the body.
16. Q: What does "lateral" mean? ANSWER Away from the midline of the
body.
17. Q: What is the sagittal plane? ANSWER A vertical plane that divides the
body into right and left parts.
18. Q: What is the frontal (coronal) plane? ANSWER A vertical plane that
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.
19. Q: What is the transverse plane? ANSWER A horizontal plane that
divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
20. Q: Name the major body cavities. ANSWER Dorsal cavity (cranial and
spinal) and ventral cavity (thoracic and abdominopelvic).
SECTION 2: CHEMISTRY & CELLS (Questions 21-50)
21. Q: What are the four major elements in the human body? ANSWER
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen (CHON).
22. Q: What is an atom? ANSWER The smallest unit of matter that retains
the properties of an element.
23. Q: What is a molecule? ANSWER Two or more atoms joined by
chemical bonds.
24. Q: What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonds? ANSWER
Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons; covalent bonds involve sharing of
electrons.
25. Q: What is pH? ANSWER A measure of hydrogen ion concentration; the
acidity or alkalinity of a solution.
, 26. Q: What is the normal pH range of blood? ANSWER 7.35-7.45
(slightly alkaline).
27. Q: What are the four major organic compounds in the body?
ANSWER Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
28. Q: What is the primary function of carbohydrates? ANSWER To
provide quick energy for cells.
29. Q: What is the monomer of carbohydrates? ANSWER
Monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose).
30. Q: What is the primary function of lipids? ANSWER Energy storage,
insulation, and forming cell membranes.
31. Q: What are the three types of lipids? ANSWER Triglycerides (fats),
phospholipids, and steroids.
32. Q: What is the monomer of proteins? ANSWER Amino acids.
33. Q: What is the primary function of proteins? ANSWER Structural
support, enzymes, transport, defense, and regulation.
34. Q: What are enzymes? ANSWER Biological catalysts that speed up
chemical reactions without being consumed.
35. Q: What are nucleic acids? ANSWER DNA and RNA - molecules that
store and transmit genetic information.
36. Q: What is ATP? ANSWER Adenosine triphosphate - the primary energy
currency of cells.
37. Q: What is the cell membrane composed of? ANSWER Phospholipid
bilayer with embedded proteins.
38. Q: What is the function of the nucleus? ANSWER Contains DNA and
controls cellular activities.
39. Q: What is the function of mitochondria? ANSWER Produce ATP
through cellular respiration (powerhouse of the cell).
40. Q: What is the function of ribosomes? ANSWER Protein synthesis.
41. Q: What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)? ANSWER
Rough ER: protein synthesis; Smooth ER: lipid synthesis and detoxification.
42. Q: What is the function of the Golgi apparatus? ANSWER Modifies,
packages, and ships proteins and lipids.
