NURS 120 PATHO STUDY GUIDE FINAL UPLOADED DOCUMENT EXAM 2026

NURS 120 PATHO STUDY GUIDE FINAL UPLOADED DOCUMENT EXAM 2026 The nurse is caring for a client with the following ABG's of pH of 7.49, PC02 45 and HCO3 30. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? - Correct Ans-Metabolic alkalosis The nurse is performing a skin assessment and notes a red area on the client coccyx that does not blanch but has no broken skin the nurse correctly documents this as which of the following? - Correct Ans-Decubitus pressure ulcer Which of the following describes: carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase lowering pH and stimulating the respiratory center resulting in increased rate and depth of respirations and hyperventilation? - Correct Ans-Hypercapnia Which of the following would be considered an autoimmune disease? - Correct Ans Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Pernicious anemia AIDs The nurse is caring for a client with longstanding Type 2 diabetes which of the following is a potential long-term complication of the disease? - Correct Ans-Diabetic Retinopathy What is the common warnings of a myocardial infarction? Select all that apply - Correct Ans-· Feeling of pressure in chest · Nausea · Anxiety & Fear · Diaphoresis (sweating), SOB Which of the following are the cardinal signs of congestive heart failure? - Correct Ans-· Exercise intolerance and Dysrhythmias The nurse has a client with heart failure the client would like the nurse to explain what the diagnosis means. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? - Correct Ans-The heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body A client with obstructive pulmonary disease COPD presents to the emergency room with difficulty breathing. The physical examination reveals bluish skin nailbeds and NURS 521 NURS 521 mucous membranes. Which term correctly describes this condition? - Correct Ans Cyanosis The nurse is assessing a client and notes wheezing and a cough. The client uses accessory muscles during breathing. The primary health care provider provides bronchodilators and corticosteroids in the form of inhalers. The nurse should recognize that a client is most likely experiencing which of the following? - Correct Ans-Asthma The nurse is reading a client's history and notes that the client has a history of leukopenia the nurse interprets this to mean that the client has which of the following? - Correct Ans-Decreased leukocytes Which of the following is the correct sequence or pathway for blood flow through the heart? - Correct Ans-right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary artery -lungs pulmonary vein- left atrium- left ventricle- aorta The nurse is teaching a client that diabetes causes a higher risk of developing coronary artery disease because of which of the following? - Correct Ans-Hyperglycemia causes endothelial degeneration leading to Acura Cirrhosis A 7-year-old client was recently diagnosed with type one diabetes. The client asked why I have to have insulin injections? The nurse should explain which of the following? - Correct Ans-Pancreas is not producing insulin A nurse is admitting a client to the emergency room the client begins to have a seizure activity including the loss of consciousness and limb jerking. The nurse priority is to do which of the following? - Correct Ans-Protect the client from injury Which of the following blood tests are used to diagnose diabetes mellitus? - Correct Ans-Hemoglobin A1C Which neurotransmitter is depleted in client with Parkinson's disease? - Correct Ans Dopamine Which of the following is the condition where fat containing substances are deposited on the coronary artery lumens causing it to narrow? - Correct Ans-Coronary artery disease A client has been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis the nurse recognizes that the client's condition is a result of which of the following? - Correct Ans-Autoimmune mediated response that is caused by the demyelination of the neurons of the brain, spinal cord Bradykinesia occurring in Parkinson's disease places the client with Parkinson's disease most at risk for which of the following? - Correct Ans-Falls and injury's A client who is being seen in an outpatient clinic reports a single episode of unilateral arm and leg weakness and blurred vision that lasted approximately 45 minutes. The NURS 521 NURS 521 symptoms have completely subsided, and the client is now back to their baseline. The client most likely experienced which of the following? - Correct Ans-TIA (transient ischemic attack) mini stroke The nurses came for a client diagnosed with expressive aphasia after having a stroke how should the nurse explain expressive aphasia to the client's family? - Correct Ans it's characterized by an impaired ability to speak or write fluently or appropriately After a patient experiences a stroke specific local signs and symptoms are based on the area affected these signs and symptoms include any of the following except what? - Correct Ans-Dyspnea (difficulty breathing) A client is admitted to the emergency department that has acute Guillain-Barre Syndrome. The nurse knows which of the following are characteristics of this disease? select all - Correct Ans-· Autoimmune disease · Often follows a viral infection or immunization · Causes Semi-paralysis in an ascending fashion The nurse is caring for a client with photophobia, fever, spontaneous flexion of the knees when the knees are bent, resistance to extension of the leg and hip flexed. which of the following does the nurse anticipate will be the diagnosis of this client? - Correct Ans-Meningitis The client has a history of seizures and reports seeing flashing lights immediately prior to the seizure. The nurse should recognize this as which of the following? - Correct Ans Aura The client has reported pain localized to the right great toe additionally the radiographic reports revealed inflammation and uric acid crystals in the joint of the great toe. Which disorder does the client have? - Correct Ans-Gout The nurse is conducting health screening for osteoporosis. Which client is at greatest risk? - Correct Ans-65-year-old woman who is sanitary and smokes cigarettes While teaching a group of student nurses about different types of fractures the nursing instructor says the fracture is characterized by the bone being exposed to air through a break in the skin. Which type of fracture is this? - Correct Ans-Open Facture The nurses caring for a client with left ankle sprain. The nurse knows that the best therapy to treat the inflammation that occurs with the sprain is which of the following? - Correct Ans-RICE treatment (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) Nurse is caring for a child with sickle cell anemia experiencing vaso-occlusive episode. Which of the following should be the primary nursing objective while caring for this child? - Correct Ans-Pain management NURS 521 NURS 521 An older client was presented to the emergency department after falling down the stairs and injuring the knee. Which assessment findings are cardinal signs that the client is experiencing inflammation? Select all that apply - Correct Ans-· Client knee is visibly red · The knee appears to be swollen · The knee is warmer than the unaffected knee · The client is experiencing pain what is correct about an opportunistic infection? - Correct Ans-infections that occur more often or are more severe in people with weakened immune systems than in people with healthy immune systems. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a disease comprised of which the following? - Correct Ans-· Chronic bronchitis · Emphysema · Asthma The nurse is assessing a client who is suspected of having iron deficiency anemia. The nurse assesses the client for which of the following or symptoms? - Correct Ans Concave and rigged fingernails The nurse is caring for a pediatric client whose parent reports that the child has been pulling at the ears, has a fever, and has been crying more than usual. The nurse suspects the client has which of the following? - Correct Ans-Acute Otitis media The nurse is checking lab values to evaluate a client's clotting process and notices a decrease in prothrombin and fibrinogen levels the nurse should check if the client is deficient in which of the following? - Correct Ans-Vitamin K A client reports having an injury to the neck from a car accident three years ago and experiences frequent headaches since then. The nurse should classify this as what type of disease? - Correct Ans-Chronic The nurse is caring for a client who has hemophilia A. Which of the following would be an expected finding when the client has a minor injury? - Correct Ans-Prolonged hemorrhaging occurs Cushing syndrome - Correct Ans-hypersecretion of corticosteroids by the adrenal