APHY 101 IVY TECH ACTUAL 2026 EXAM SCRIPT
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔Organ System Level - ✔✔Organs work together to accomplish a common purpose.
Ex: heart and blood vessels circulate blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body
cells.
✔✔Organismal Level - ✔✔Highest level of organization, represents the sum total of all
structural levels working together to keep us alive.
✔✔necessary life functions - ✔✔Maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness,
digestion, metabolism, dispose of wastes, reproduction, growth
✔✔maintain boundaries - ✔✔internal environment remains distinct from the external
environment
✔✔Movement - ✔✔contractility (ability to move by shortening)
move body parts or substances though body
✔✔Responsiveness or excitability - ✔✔The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the
environment and then respond to them.
✔✔Which system is most involved with responsiveness? - ✔✔Because nerve cells are
highly excitable and communicate rapidly with each other, the nervous system is most
involved with responsiveness. All body cells are excitable to some extent.
✔✔Digestion - ✔✔Breaking down of ingested food stuffs to simple molecules that can
be absorbed into the blood.
✔✔Metabolism - ✔✔Broad term includes all chemical reactions that occur within body
cells.
✔✔excretion - ✔✔Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
Ex: urea, carbon dioxide, feces
✔✔reproduction - ✔✔Cellular division for growth or repair
Production of offspring
✔✔growth - ✔✔Increase in size of a body part or of organism
✔✔hypertrophy - ✔✔increase in cell size
✔✔hyperplasia - ✔✔increase in number of cells
, ✔✔integumentary system - ✔✔Protects the body as a whole from the external
environment. Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury.
Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc) receptors and sweat
and oil glands.
✔✔urinary system - ✔✔Eliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte and acid base balance of the blood.
✔✔cardiovascular system - ✔✔Via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all
body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs.
✔✔digestive system - ✔✔Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates
unabsorbed matter (feces).
✔✔respiratory system - ✔✔Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. The
gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔As the fast acting control system of the body, it responds to
internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
✔✔endocrine system - ✔✔Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as
growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
✔✔skeletal system - ✔✔Protects and supports body organs,
and provides a framework the muscles
use to cause movement. Blood cells
are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.
✔✔muscular system - ✔✔Allows manipulation of the environment,
locomotion, and facial expression.
Maintains posture, and produces heat.
✔✔lymphatic system - ✔✔Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels
and returns it to blood. Disposes
of debris in the lymphatic stream.
Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes)
involved in immunity. The immune
response mounts the attack against
foreign substances within the body.
✔✔reproductive system - ✔✔Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce
sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to
the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The
remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus.
Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS SCORED A+
✔✔Organ System Level - ✔✔Organs work together to accomplish a common purpose.
Ex: heart and blood vessels circulate blood to carry oxygen and nutrients to all body
cells.
✔✔Organismal Level - ✔✔Highest level of organization, represents the sum total of all
structural levels working together to keep us alive.
✔✔necessary life functions - ✔✔Maintain boundaries, movement, responsiveness,
digestion, metabolism, dispose of wastes, reproduction, growth
✔✔maintain boundaries - ✔✔internal environment remains distinct from the external
environment
✔✔Movement - ✔✔contractility (ability to move by shortening)
move body parts or substances though body
✔✔Responsiveness or excitability - ✔✔The ability to sense changes (stimuli) in the
environment and then respond to them.
✔✔Which system is most involved with responsiveness? - ✔✔Because nerve cells are
highly excitable and communicate rapidly with each other, the nervous system is most
involved with responsiveness. All body cells are excitable to some extent.
✔✔Digestion - ✔✔Breaking down of ingested food stuffs to simple molecules that can
be absorbed into the blood.
✔✔Metabolism - ✔✔Broad term includes all chemical reactions that occur within body
cells.
✔✔excretion - ✔✔Removal of wastes from metabolism and digestion
Ex: urea, carbon dioxide, feces
✔✔reproduction - ✔✔Cellular division for growth or repair
Production of offspring
✔✔growth - ✔✔Increase in size of a body part or of organism
✔✔hypertrophy - ✔✔increase in cell size
✔✔hyperplasia - ✔✔increase in number of cells
, ✔✔integumentary system - ✔✔Protects the body as a whole from the external
environment. Forms the external body covering, and protects deeper tissues from injury.
Synthesizes vitamin D, and houses cutaneous (pain, pressure, etc) receptors and sweat
and oil glands.
✔✔urinary system - ✔✔Eliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions from the body.
Regulates water, electrolyte and acid base balance of the blood.
✔✔cardiovascular system - ✔✔Via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all
body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs.
✔✔digestive system - ✔✔Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates
unabsorbed matter (feces).
✔✔respiratory system - ✔✔Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. The
gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of the lungs.
✔✔nervous system - ✔✔As the fast acting control system of the body, it responds to
internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
✔✔endocrine system - ✔✔Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as
growth, reproduction, and nutrient use (metabolism) by body cells.
✔✔skeletal system - ✔✔Protects and supports body organs,
and provides a framework the muscles
use to cause movement. Blood cells
are formed within bones. Bones store minerals.
✔✔muscular system - ✔✔Allows manipulation of the environment,
locomotion, and facial expression.
Maintains posture, and produces heat.
✔✔lymphatic system - ✔✔Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels
and returns it to blood. Disposes
of debris in the lymphatic stream.
Houses white blood cells (lymphocytes)
involved in immunity. The immune
response mounts the attack against
foreign substances within the body.
✔✔reproductive system - ✔✔Overall function is production of offspring. Testes produce
sperm and male sex hormone, and male ducts and glands aid in delivery of sperm to
the female reproductive tract. Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones. The
remaining female structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus.
Mammary glands of female breasts produce milk to nourish the newborn.
