KNH 188 UPDATED TEST EXAM MANUAL QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Measuring Pa: subjective methods - ✔✔based on or influenced by personal feelings,
tastes, or opinions. methods that necessitate interpretation. Ex: self-reported measures
from questionnaires and diaries
✔✔Measuring PA: objective methods - ✔✔Not influenced by personal feelings or
opinions in considering and representing facts. Methods that are not influenced by
perception. Ex: pedometers, accelerometers, heart rate monitors
✔✔Advantages of subjective method - ✔✔relatively inexpensive, easy to administer,
data collected for many individuals, can be ascertained with a few questions
✔✔disadvantages of subjective method - ✔✔inaccurate recall, fails to capture all types
of activity, not recommended for children under 10
✔✔advantages of objective method - ✔✔not subject to recall error, small and
lightweight, unobtrusive
✔✔disadvantages of objective method - ✔✔specific types of activity not assessed,
extraneous variables may affect results, usually more expensive than questionnaires
✔✔Feasibility - ✔✔degree of being easily or conveniently done. In research, the extent
to which those who implement a research study can practically do so within an identified
authentic setting
✔✔validity - ✔✔the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative
study
✔✔Report-based measures - ✔✔include self-report tools and diaries designed to
provide subjective info about PA levels and context of PA behaviors. most feasible (low
administrative and processing costs), lowest validity, user must balance feasibility and
validity
✔✔monitor-based measures - ✔✔include various devices designed to objectively
quantify movement. accelerometers, GPS units, and pedometers or devices to measure
intensity and duration of PA. Most commonly used for research and evaluation
✔✔criterion measures - ✔✔include the doubly labeled water method, indirect
calorimetry, and direct observation. Most precise because objective (highest validity),
estimates of energy expenditure and movement, often too expensive or cumbersome to
use in large-scale research application (lowest feasibility)
, ✔✔recall questionnaires - ✔✔retrospective, tend to be used more often than other types
of self-report assessment, individual error tends to be high, difficult to directly estimate
time in PA, typically brief spans of time, easy to administer and inexpensive
✔✔PAQs - ✔✔measure different aspects of PA, data can be reported in variety of ways
(Ex: activity scores, time, calories, etc.), may focus on specific categories of activity,
complexity varies, inexpensive, reliable, don't affect person's normal daily activities
✔✔PA diaries - ✔✔specific activities recorded so PA patterns can be determined. 3
days recorded activity (2 week days and 1 weekend day) adequate to accurately
assess. Limitations: can change through seasons, subjects may alter behavior (exercise
more than usual)
✔✔Pedometers - ✔✔simple and inexpensive body-worn motion sensor that counts
number of steps. Levels of activity determined by steps. <5,000 steps/day:
sedentary/inactive
>12,500 steps/day: highly active
track vertical hip movements recorded as steps, capture frequency of movement
✔✔accelerometers - ✔✔measure movement based on acceleration and deceleration of
device. PA recorded as "activity counts", provide good balance between accuracy and
feasibility.
✔✔heart rate monitors - ✔✔capture physiological response to movement in terms of
heart rate, linearly related to oxygen consumption during aerobic activity, making it a
practical way to estimate EE.
✔✔whoop - ✔✔automatically tracks physiological state to determine your personal
readiness to perform each day. Tells you when NOT to workout
✔✔aura ring - ✔✔primarily sleep tracker, measuring time spent in each sleep stage.
records heart rate, breathing rate, skin temperature
✔✔What is energy expenditure - ✔✔energy is capacity to do work, measured in kcal
energy intake = nutrients we take into our body
EE = energy bodies use to perform both (involuntary) basic functioning and (voluntary)
PA
✔✔basics of energy in body - ✔✔- bodies need constant supply of energy
- ATP is form of energy body needs
- must continually make more ATP, body can't store much
- breakdown of carbs, fats, some protein to produce ATP
- oxygen required to make ATP from these nutrients' cellular respiration
- glucose and oxygen, makes ATP (energy)
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Measuring Pa: subjective methods - ✔✔based on or influenced by personal feelings,
tastes, or opinions. methods that necessitate interpretation. Ex: self-reported measures
from questionnaires and diaries
✔✔Measuring PA: objective methods - ✔✔Not influenced by personal feelings or
opinions in considering and representing facts. Methods that are not influenced by
perception. Ex: pedometers, accelerometers, heart rate monitors
✔✔Advantages of subjective method - ✔✔relatively inexpensive, easy to administer,
data collected for many individuals, can be ascertained with a few questions
✔✔disadvantages of subjective method - ✔✔inaccurate recall, fails to capture all types
of activity, not recommended for children under 10
✔✔advantages of objective method - ✔✔not subject to recall error, small and
lightweight, unobtrusive
✔✔disadvantages of objective method - ✔✔specific types of activity not assessed,
extraneous variables may affect results, usually more expensive than questionnaires
✔✔Feasibility - ✔✔degree of being easily or conveniently done. In research, the extent
to which those who implement a research study can practically do so within an identified
authentic setting
✔✔validity - ✔✔the extent to which a concept is accurately measured in a quantitative
study
✔✔Report-based measures - ✔✔include self-report tools and diaries designed to
provide subjective info about PA levels and context of PA behaviors. most feasible (low
administrative and processing costs), lowest validity, user must balance feasibility and
validity
✔✔monitor-based measures - ✔✔include various devices designed to objectively
quantify movement. accelerometers, GPS units, and pedometers or devices to measure
intensity and duration of PA. Most commonly used for research and evaluation
✔✔criterion measures - ✔✔include the doubly labeled water method, indirect
calorimetry, and direct observation. Most precise because objective (highest validity),
estimates of energy expenditure and movement, often too expensive or cumbersome to
use in large-scale research application (lowest feasibility)
, ✔✔recall questionnaires - ✔✔retrospective, tend to be used more often than other types
of self-report assessment, individual error tends to be high, difficult to directly estimate
time in PA, typically brief spans of time, easy to administer and inexpensive
✔✔PAQs - ✔✔measure different aspects of PA, data can be reported in variety of ways
(Ex: activity scores, time, calories, etc.), may focus on specific categories of activity,
complexity varies, inexpensive, reliable, don't affect person's normal daily activities
✔✔PA diaries - ✔✔specific activities recorded so PA patterns can be determined. 3
days recorded activity (2 week days and 1 weekend day) adequate to accurately
assess. Limitations: can change through seasons, subjects may alter behavior (exercise
more than usual)
✔✔Pedometers - ✔✔simple and inexpensive body-worn motion sensor that counts
number of steps. Levels of activity determined by steps. <5,000 steps/day:
sedentary/inactive
>12,500 steps/day: highly active
track vertical hip movements recorded as steps, capture frequency of movement
✔✔accelerometers - ✔✔measure movement based on acceleration and deceleration of
device. PA recorded as "activity counts", provide good balance between accuracy and
feasibility.
✔✔heart rate monitors - ✔✔capture physiological response to movement in terms of
heart rate, linearly related to oxygen consumption during aerobic activity, making it a
practical way to estimate EE.
✔✔whoop - ✔✔automatically tracks physiological state to determine your personal
readiness to perform each day. Tells you when NOT to workout
✔✔aura ring - ✔✔primarily sleep tracker, measuring time spent in each sleep stage.
records heart rate, breathing rate, skin temperature
✔✔What is energy expenditure - ✔✔energy is capacity to do work, measured in kcal
energy intake = nutrients we take into our body
EE = energy bodies use to perform both (involuntary) basic functioning and (voluntary)
PA
✔✔basics of energy in body - ✔✔- bodies need constant supply of energy
- ATP is form of energy body needs
- must continually make more ATP, body can't store much
- breakdown of carbs, fats, some protein to produce ATP
- oxygen required to make ATP from these nutrients' cellular respiration
- glucose and oxygen, makes ATP (energy)
