KNH 188 UPDATED ACTUAL FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is glycogenolysis? - ✔✔breakdown of glycogen to glucose, easy way to move
glucose into the blood
✔✔what starts the process of beta cell dysfunction/death for type 2 diabetes? -
✔✔glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity
✔✔what sources increase blood glucose? - ✔✔diet and liver glycogen
✔✔what is hyperglycemia a consequence of? - ✔✔a combination of glucose released
by the liver and glucose uptake by adipose tissue
✔✔what does the process of type 2 diabetes start with? - ✔✔insulin resistance
✔✔what does insulin resistance result in? - ✔✔glucotoxicity
✔✔what organ increases the production of glucagon once glucotoxicity occurs? -
✔✔pancreas
✔✔what happens if glucotoxicity occurs for many years? - ✔✔results in a dysfunction of
beta cells
✔✔what is GLUT1? - ✔✔non-insulin mediated glucose transporter that sustains glucose
at rest while fasting
✔✔what do GLUT4 transporters do after meal consumption? - ✔✔regulate large
changes of blood glucose
✔✔what transporter is on the surface of the cell at rest? - ✔✔GLUT1
✔✔What is hyperglycemia? - ✔✔glucose entry > glucose removal
✔✔what are the proposed mechanisms by which acute exercise enhances insulin
sensitivity? - ✔✔increase muscle blood flow, direct effect on working on muscles,
increased capillary surface area, suppression of free fatty acids
✔✔what will the implementation of a physical activity program do? - ✔✔increase insulin
sensitivity, increase muscle GLUT4 content, and decrease fasting blood glucose for
individuals not already exercising regularly
, ✔✔which 2 hormones are the primary regulators of blood glucose during exercise? -
✔✔insulin and glucagon
✔✔is the rapid uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle in the immediate hours following
exercise insulin dependent? - ✔✔no
✔✔when is the enhanced ability for muscle to uptake glucose insulin dependent? -
✔✔1-3 days following a bout of exercise
✔✔what is type 1 diabetes likely caused by? - ✔✔a combination of genetics and
autoimmune disease
✔✔what is the minimum recommended frequency of aerobic exercise for most
populations? - ✔✔3-5 days/week
✔✔what is the minimum recommended frequency of resistance exercise for most
populations? - ✔✔2 or more days/week
✔✔what is the minimum recommended frequency of flexibility prescription for most
populations? - ✔✔5 or more days/week
✔✔what is volume a product of? - ✔✔time, type, and frequency
✔✔what age group is recommended to get more physical activity? - ✔✔children and
adolescents
✔✔what populations should the the starting intensity be lower for? - ✔✔heart failure and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
✔✔do the benefits of exercise outweighs the risk of harm in chronic diseased
individuals? - ✔✔yes, controlled stress allows for positive adaptation
✔✔can exercise be used to improve the quality of life? - ✔✔yes
✔✔what muscle fiber type would be used for rapid, forceful contractions? - ✔✔fast
twitch (type 2)
✔✔What do flexor muscles do? - ✔✔Reduce the angle of the joint
✔✔What do extensor muscles do? - ✔✔increase angle of joint
✔✔What is sarcopenia? - ✔✔loss of muscle mass and strength due to age
SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔What is glycogenolysis? - ✔✔breakdown of glycogen to glucose, easy way to move
glucose into the blood
✔✔what starts the process of beta cell dysfunction/death for type 2 diabetes? -
✔✔glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity
✔✔what sources increase blood glucose? - ✔✔diet and liver glycogen
✔✔what is hyperglycemia a consequence of? - ✔✔a combination of glucose released
by the liver and glucose uptake by adipose tissue
✔✔what does the process of type 2 diabetes start with? - ✔✔insulin resistance
✔✔what does insulin resistance result in? - ✔✔glucotoxicity
✔✔what organ increases the production of glucagon once glucotoxicity occurs? -
✔✔pancreas
✔✔what happens if glucotoxicity occurs for many years? - ✔✔results in a dysfunction of
beta cells
✔✔what is GLUT1? - ✔✔non-insulin mediated glucose transporter that sustains glucose
at rest while fasting
✔✔what do GLUT4 transporters do after meal consumption? - ✔✔regulate large
changes of blood glucose
✔✔what transporter is on the surface of the cell at rest? - ✔✔GLUT1
✔✔What is hyperglycemia? - ✔✔glucose entry > glucose removal
✔✔what are the proposed mechanisms by which acute exercise enhances insulin
sensitivity? - ✔✔increase muscle blood flow, direct effect on working on muscles,
increased capillary surface area, suppression of free fatty acids
✔✔what will the implementation of a physical activity program do? - ✔✔increase insulin
sensitivity, increase muscle GLUT4 content, and decrease fasting blood glucose for
individuals not already exercising regularly
, ✔✔which 2 hormones are the primary regulators of blood glucose during exercise? -
✔✔insulin and glucagon
✔✔is the rapid uptake of glucose into skeletal muscle in the immediate hours following
exercise insulin dependent? - ✔✔no
✔✔when is the enhanced ability for muscle to uptake glucose insulin dependent? -
✔✔1-3 days following a bout of exercise
✔✔what is type 1 diabetes likely caused by? - ✔✔a combination of genetics and
autoimmune disease
✔✔what is the minimum recommended frequency of aerobic exercise for most
populations? - ✔✔3-5 days/week
✔✔what is the minimum recommended frequency of resistance exercise for most
populations? - ✔✔2 or more days/week
✔✔what is the minimum recommended frequency of flexibility prescription for most
populations? - ✔✔5 or more days/week
✔✔what is volume a product of? - ✔✔time, type, and frequency
✔✔what age group is recommended to get more physical activity? - ✔✔children and
adolescents
✔✔what populations should the the starting intensity be lower for? - ✔✔heart failure and
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
✔✔do the benefits of exercise outweighs the risk of harm in chronic diseased
individuals? - ✔✔yes, controlled stress allows for positive adaptation
✔✔can exercise be used to improve the quality of life? - ✔✔yes
✔✔what muscle fiber type would be used for rapid, forceful contractions? - ✔✔fast
twitch (type 2)
✔✔What do flexor muscles do? - ✔✔Reduce the angle of the joint
✔✔What do extensor muscles do? - ✔✔increase angle of joint
✔✔What is sarcopenia? - ✔✔loss of muscle mass and strength due to age
