CTRI UPDATED FINAL PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
RATED A+
✔✔Extended Gait - ✔✔Covering as much ground as possible, lengthening strides to the
utmost while maintaining the same rhythm.
✔✔Far Side - ✔✔Right side of the horse
✔✔Forehand - ✔✔The front of the horse. Including head, neck, shoulders, and forelegs.
✔✔Forward Seat - ✔✔style of riding that permits the rider to sit close to the forehand
and permits adjustment of center of gravity forward to negotiate obstacles and remove
the weight (seat) from the saddle when necessary.
✔✔Half-Pass - ✔✔variation of travers, executed on the diagonal instead of along the
wall. The horse, slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, should be as close as
possible to parallel to the long sides of the arena, the forehand slightly in advance of the
quarters.
Horse is bent TOWARDS the direction its going.
✔✔Hand Gallop - ✔✔extended canter, but the horse remains collected.
✔✔Head Carriage - ✔✔refers to the position in which the head and neck are carried
relative to the parallel. Ideally the horse should have the neck parallel to the ground to
slightly above the parallel.
✔✔Headset - ✔✔Refers to the amount of flexion at the poll. Ideal is perpendicular to the
ground and and slightly forward of the vertical.
✔✔Impulsion - ✔✔Engagement of the hind legs and rounding of the back, allowing the
horse to move forward with greater energy.
✔✔Lateral Bend - ✔✔Ability of the horse to curve or bend its body from head to tail
✔✔Lateral Movement - ✔✔work on two tracks, in which the horse is bend uniformly
from poll to tail and moves with the forehand and quarters on two different tracks.
Shoulder in, haunches in, haunches out, and half pass are examples
✔✔Leg Yield - ✔✔A suppling exercise designed to make a horse responsive to
unilateral aids
✔✔Pace - ✔✔Two beat gait in which the lateral limbs strike the ground simultaneously.
, ✔✔Rein Back - ✔✔backwards movement in which the hooves are raised and set down
almost simultaneously by the diagonal.
✔✔Rhythm - ✔✔The regularity of footfalls within each gait.
✔✔Rollback - ✔✔A series of movements that blend together and look like one
movement:
Run/Lope, balanced stop, smooth 180-dgree pivot, and back into the run/lope.
✔✔Shoulder-In - ✔✔Horse is slightly bend round the inside leg, and the horses inside
legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. Horse is looking away from the
movement it is heading.
* horse travels at an angle down the rail *
✔✔Skill Progression - ✔✔Systematic building of skills on a foundation.
✔✔Stride - ✔✔The distance covered by one foot when in motion.
✔✔Supple - ✔✔An equine's ability to remain relaxed, flexible, and easy to bend and
turn.
✔✔Trappy - ✔✔a short, quick, choppy stride. Usually seen in horses that have short,
steep pasterns and straight shoulders.
✔✔Travers - ✔✔Haunches in. Horse is lightly bent around the inside leg of the rider.
Outside legs pass and cross in front of inside legs. Horse is looking the direction in
which it is move.
Performed along he wall or center line, at at 30-degree angle. Head angled towards the
rail.
✔✔Two-Track - ✔✔The horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time
✔✔Unsoundness - ✔✔a serious condition that affects and equine's usefulness and way
of moving.
✔✔adaptive behavior - ✔✔behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the
natural and social demands of the environment
✔✔Ankle-Foot Orthotic (AFO) - ✔✔Lower leg/foot brace (approx. knee high) used to
position and/or support foot and ankle for walking. May require a specific type of
footwear.
✔✔Ataxia - ✔✔Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are
attempted. Common in brain injury and cerebral palsy
RATED A+
✔✔Extended Gait - ✔✔Covering as much ground as possible, lengthening strides to the
utmost while maintaining the same rhythm.
✔✔Far Side - ✔✔Right side of the horse
✔✔Forehand - ✔✔The front of the horse. Including head, neck, shoulders, and forelegs.
✔✔Forward Seat - ✔✔style of riding that permits the rider to sit close to the forehand
and permits adjustment of center of gravity forward to negotiate obstacles and remove
the weight (seat) from the saddle when necessary.
✔✔Half-Pass - ✔✔variation of travers, executed on the diagonal instead of along the
wall. The horse, slightly bent round the inside leg of the rider, should be as close as
possible to parallel to the long sides of the arena, the forehand slightly in advance of the
quarters.
Horse is bent TOWARDS the direction its going.
✔✔Hand Gallop - ✔✔extended canter, but the horse remains collected.
✔✔Head Carriage - ✔✔refers to the position in which the head and neck are carried
relative to the parallel. Ideally the horse should have the neck parallel to the ground to
slightly above the parallel.
✔✔Headset - ✔✔Refers to the amount of flexion at the poll. Ideal is perpendicular to the
ground and and slightly forward of the vertical.
✔✔Impulsion - ✔✔Engagement of the hind legs and rounding of the back, allowing the
horse to move forward with greater energy.
✔✔Lateral Bend - ✔✔Ability of the horse to curve or bend its body from head to tail
✔✔Lateral Movement - ✔✔work on two tracks, in which the horse is bend uniformly
from poll to tail and moves with the forehand and quarters on two different tracks.
Shoulder in, haunches in, haunches out, and half pass are examples
✔✔Leg Yield - ✔✔A suppling exercise designed to make a horse responsive to
unilateral aids
✔✔Pace - ✔✔Two beat gait in which the lateral limbs strike the ground simultaneously.
, ✔✔Rein Back - ✔✔backwards movement in which the hooves are raised and set down
almost simultaneously by the diagonal.
✔✔Rhythm - ✔✔The regularity of footfalls within each gait.
✔✔Rollback - ✔✔A series of movements that blend together and look like one
movement:
Run/Lope, balanced stop, smooth 180-dgree pivot, and back into the run/lope.
✔✔Shoulder-In - ✔✔Horse is slightly bend round the inside leg, and the horses inside
legs pass and cross in front of the outside legs. Horse is looking away from the
movement it is heading.
* horse travels at an angle down the rail *
✔✔Skill Progression - ✔✔Systematic building of skills on a foundation.
✔✔Stride - ✔✔The distance covered by one foot when in motion.
✔✔Supple - ✔✔An equine's ability to remain relaxed, flexible, and easy to bend and
turn.
✔✔Trappy - ✔✔a short, quick, choppy stride. Usually seen in horses that have short,
steep pasterns and straight shoulders.
✔✔Travers - ✔✔Haunches in. Horse is lightly bent around the inside leg of the rider.
Outside legs pass and cross in front of inside legs. Horse is looking the direction in
which it is move.
Performed along he wall or center line, at at 30-degree angle. Head angled towards the
rail.
✔✔Two-Track - ✔✔The horse moves forward and diagonally at the same time
✔✔Unsoundness - ✔✔a serious condition that affects and equine's usefulness and way
of moving.
✔✔adaptive behavior - ✔✔behavior that allows an individual to accommodate the
natural and social demands of the environment
✔✔Ankle-Foot Orthotic (AFO) - ✔✔Lower leg/foot brace (approx. knee high) used to
position and/or support foot and ankle for walking. May require a specific type of
footwear.
✔✔Ataxia - ✔✔Incoordination that manifests especially when voluntary movements are
attempted. Common in brain injury and cerebral palsy
