CTRI UPDATED EXAM SCRIPT QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
RATED A+
✔✔humerus - ✔✔upper arm bone
✔✔tibia - ✔✔shin bone
✔✔Ulna - ✔✔Inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on
the side of the little finger.
✔✔radius - ✔✔lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side)
✔✔Fibula - ✔✔The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
✔✔abduction - ✔✔Movement away from the midline of the body
✔✔extension - ✔✔Straightening of a joint
✔✔Flexion - ✔✔bending a joint
✔✔Adduction - ✔✔Movement toward the midline of the body
✔✔Rotation - ✔✔twists or turns a bone on its axis
✔✔Cranial - ✔✔toward the head
✔✔Caudal - ✔✔toward the tail
✔✔Ventral (anterior) - ✔✔toward or at the front of the body
✔✔Dorsal (posterior) - ✔✔Toward or at the back of the body
✔✔Medial - ✔✔toward the midline
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
✔✔Distal - ✔✔farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk
, ✔✔balanced seat - ✔✔position of the rider that requires minimum muscular effort to
remain in the saddle and interferes minimally with horses movement
✔✔bight of the reins - ✔✔The part of the reins passing between thumb and fingers and
out the top of the hand.
✔✔Cavesson - ✔✔headstall with large noseband (with rings) used for exercising and
training
✔✔collected gait - ✔✔remaining on the bit, the horse moves forward with its neck raised
and arched as a result of energetic impulsion. Lightness on the forehand, engagement
of the hindquarters. Shorter strides, but lighter and more mobile.
✔✔crest release - ✔✔a way riders in jumping position can maintain balance. Place each
hand firmly on top of the crest (1/3 of the way up the horse's neck)
✔✔cross-firing - ✔✔gait defect when the inside hind foot strikes the diagonal foreleg.
On left lead: HL, then FR & HR, then FL
✔✔curb bit - ✔✔bit with leverage
✔✔dressage - ✔✔a time-tested, methodical progression of exercises designed to
increase a horse's muscular capabilities and degree of suppleness, allowing it to
preform increasingly difficult movements under saddle.
✔✔Equine-Assisted Activites (EAA) - ✔✔Activates that are facilitated by equine
professionals and may provide opportunities for participants to experience therapeutic
benefits.
✔✔Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) - ✔✔Treatments conducted by an appropriately
licensed medical professional.
✔✔Equitation - ✔✔the act or art of riding on horseback
✔✔Extended Gait - ✔✔Covering as much ground as possible, lengthening strides to the
utmost while maintaining the same rhythm.
✔✔Far Side - ✔✔Right side of the horse
✔✔Forehand - ✔✔The front of the horse. Including head, neck, shoulders, and forelegs.
✔✔Forward Seat - ✔✔style of riding that permits the rider to sit close to the forehand
and permits adjustment of center of gravity forward to negotiate obstacles and remove
the weight (seat) from the saddle when necessary.
RATED A+
✔✔humerus - ✔✔upper arm bone
✔✔tibia - ✔✔shin bone
✔✔Ulna - ✔✔Inner and larger bone of the forearm, attached to the wrist and located on
the side of the little finger.
✔✔radius - ✔✔lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side)
✔✔Fibula - ✔✔The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg
✔✔abduction - ✔✔Movement away from the midline of the body
✔✔extension - ✔✔Straightening of a joint
✔✔Flexion - ✔✔bending a joint
✔✔Adduction - ✔✔Movement toward the midline of the body
✔✔Rotation - ✔✔twists or turns a bone on its axis
✔✔Cranial - ✔✔toward the head
✔✔Caudal - ✔✔toward the tail
✔✔Ventral (anterior) - ✔✔toward or at the front of the body
✔✔Dorsal (posterior) - ✔✔Toward or at the back of the body
✔✔Medial - ✔✔toward the midline
✔✔Lateral - ✔✔away from the midline
✔✔Proximal - ✔✔Closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a
limb to the body trunk
✔✔Distal - ✔✔farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb
to the body trunk
, ✔✔balanced seat - ✔✔position of the rider that requires minimum muscular effort to
remain in the saddle and interferes minimally with horses movement
✔✔bight of the reins - ✔✔The part of the reins passing between thumb and fingers and
out the top of the hand.
✔✔Cavesson - ✔✔headstall with large noseband (with rings) used for exercising and
training
✔✔collected gait - ✔✔remaining on the bit, the horse moves forward with its neck raised
and arched as a result of energetic impulsion. Lightness on the forehand, engagement
of the hindquarters. Shorter strides, but lighter and more mobile.
✔✔crest release - ✔✔a way riders in jumping position can maintain balance. Place each
hand firmly on top of the crest (1/3 of the way up the horse's neck)
✔✔cross-firing - ✔✔gait defect when the inside hind foot strikes the diagonal foreleg.
On left lead: HL, then FR & HR, then FL
✔✔curb bit - ✔✔bit with leverage
✔✔dressage - ✔✔a time-tested, methodical progression of exercises designed to
increase a horse's muscular capabilities and degree of suppleness, allowing it to
preform increasingly difficult movements under saddle.
✔✔Equine-Assisted Activites (EAA) - ✔✔Activates that are facilitated by equine
professionals and may provide opportunities for participants to experience therapeutic
benefits.
✔✔Equine-Assisted Therapy (EAT) - ✔✔Treatments conducted by an appropriately
licensed medical professional.
✔✔Equitation - ✔✔the act or art of riding on horseback
✔✔Extended Gait - ✔✔Covering as much ground as possible, lengthening strides to the
utmost while maintaining the same rhythm.
✔✔Far Side - ✔✔Right side of the horse
✔✔Forehand - ✔✔The front of the horse. Including head, neck, shoulders, and forelegs.
✔✔Forward Seat - ✔✔style of riding that permits the rider to sit close to the forehand
and permits adjustment of center of gravity forward to negotiate obstacles and remove
the weight (seat) from the saddle when necessary.
