BIO 256 UPDATED COMPREHENSIVE EXAM QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Name all the components of pancreatic juice - ✔✔Trypsin
Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidase
pancreatic amylase
Pancreatic lipase Nucleases
Bicarbonate ions
✔✔Pancreatic lipase - ✔✔breaks down triglycerides
✔✔Nucleases - ✔✔digest nucleic acids
✔✔Bicarbonate ions - ✔✔buffer stomach acid
✔✔In which organs does chemical digestion take place? - ✔✔§ Mouth
§ Stomach
§ Small Intestine
✔✔In which organS does Mechanical digestion take place - ✔✔§ Mouth
§ Stomach
§ Small Intestine
§ Large intestine
✔✔Define Peristalsis: - ✔✔Ring like contractions that propel food down GI tract
✔✔Define Segmentation - ✔✔Mixing movement
✔✔Define Haustral Churning and in which organ does it take place?: - ✔✔Type of
peristaltic movement in large intestine that helps break down undigested food
✔✔Define Gastric Churning and in which organ does it take place? - ✔✔Stomach
contractions for mixing of chyme with acid - preparation for intestinal digestion
✔✔Where does peristalsis happen? - ✔✔Pharynx, small intestine, esophagus
✔✔Where does segmentation happen?: - ✔✔Small and large intestine
✔✔What is a liver lobule - ✔✔Functional unit of the liver and hexagonal shape
✔✔What are the components of the portal triad?: - ✔✔Hepatic artery, common bile
duct, hepatic portal vein
, ✔✔List of 4 tunics of GIT, from innermost to outermost: - ✔✔Mucuosa, submucosa,
muscularis externa, serosa
✔✔Name the two components of the Enteric Nervous System. Include where in the
tunica's they are located and there function - ✔✔Location of the myenteric plexus in the
tunic: The tunica muscularis is out longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle layers
are where the myenteric plexus is situated.
Location of the myenteric plexus: embedded in between the longitudinal and circular
muscular layers
Function of the Myentric plexus: Motility
Location of the submucosal plexus in the tunica: Between the circular muscle and
mucosa.
Location of the Submucosal plexus: triggered by distension of the walls of the GI tract.
Triggers Secretion within the mucosa.
Function of the Submucosal plexus: Secretion
✔✔The following enzymes aid in chemical digestion of nutrient macromolecules
(polymers). Next to each enzyme, name what macromolecule does it chemically
breakdown: - ✔✔lipase breaks down: lipid
amylase breaks down carbohydartes
peptides breaks down protien
maltase breaks down carboydrates
nuclease breaks down nucleic acid
✔✔BILE SALTS - ✔✔main function is emulsification of lipids/fats
✔✔true of false bile salt is amphipathic? - ✔✔true
✔✔What are bile salts? - ✔✔Bile salts are amphipathic molecules produced in the liver.
✔✔Describe the structure of amphipathic molecules. - ✔✔Amphipathic molecules have
a polar head and a nonpolar tail, allowing them to interact with both water and non-
water substances.
✔✔Mastication - ✔✔chewing: the first step of mechanical digestion
✔✔Deglutition - ✔✔swallowing
✔✔Elimination - ✔✔the release of feces via defecatiom
AND SOLUTIONS RATED A+
✔✔Name all the components of pancreatic juice - ✔✔Trypsin
Chymotrypsin Carboxypeptidase
pancreatic amylase
Pancreatic lipase Nucleases
Bicarbonate ions
✔✔Pancreatic lipase - ✔✔breaks down triglycerides
✔✔Nucleases - ✔✔digest nucleic acids
✔✔Bicarbonate ions - ✔✔buffer stomach acid
✔✔In which organs does chemical digestion take place? - ✔✔§ Mouth
§ Stomach
§ Small Intestine
✔✔In which organS does Mechanical digestion take place - ✔✔§ Mouth
§ Stomach
§ Small Intestine
§ Large intestine
✔✔Define Peristalsis: - ✔✔Ring like contractions that propel food down GI tract
✔✔Define Segmentation - ✔✔Mixing movement
✔✔Define Haustral Churning and in which organ does it take place?: - ✔✔Type of
peristaltic movement in large intestine that helps break down undigested food
✔✔Define Gastric Churning and in which organ does it take place? - ✔✔Stomach
contractions for mixing of chyme with acid - preparation for intestinal digestion
✔✔Where does peristalsis happen? - ✔✔Pharynx, small intestine, esophagus
✔✔Where does segmentation happen?: - ✔✔Small and large intestine
✔✔What is a liver lobule - ✔✔Functional unit of the liver and hexagonal shape
✔✔What are the components of the portal triad?: - ✔✔Hepatic artery, common bile
duct, hepatic portal vein
, ✔✔List of 4 tunics of GIT, from innermost to outermost: - ✔✔Mucuosa, submucosa,
muscularis externa, serosa
✔✔Name the two components of the Enteric Nervous System. Include where in the
tunica's they are located and there function - ✔✔Location of the myenteric plexus in the
tunic: The tunica muscularis is out longitudinal and inner circular smooth muscle layers
are where the myenteric plexus is situated.
Location of the myenteric plexus: embedded in between the longitudinal and circular
muscular layers
Function of the Myentric plexus: Motility
Location of the submucosal plexus in the tunica: Between the circular muscle and
mucosa.
Location of the Submucosal plexus: triggered by distension of the walls of the GI tract.
Triggers Secretion within the mucosa.
Function of the Submucosal plexus: Secretion
✔✔The following enzymes aid in chemical digestion of nutrient macromolecules
(polymers). Next to each enzyme, name what macromolecule does it chemically
breakdown: - ✔✔lipase breaks down: lipid
amylase breaks down carbohydartes
peptides breaks down protien
maltase breaks down carboydrates
nuclease breaks down nucleic acid
✔✔BILE SALTS - ✔✔main function is emulsification of lipids/fats
✔✔true of false bile salt is amphipathic? - ✔✔true
✔✔What are bile salts? - ✔✔Bile salts are amphipathic molecules produced in the liver.
✔✔Describe the structure of amphipathic molecules. - ✔✔Amphipathic molecules have
a polar head and a nonpolar tail, allowing them to interact with both water and non-
water substances.
✔✔Mastication - ✔✔chewing: the first step of mechanical digestion
✔✔Deglutition - ✔✔swallowing
✔✔Elimination - ✔✔the release of feces via defecatiom
