CMN 350 EXAM 3 STUDY GUIDE
Schizophrenia - Answers -Is characterized by a deteriorating personality. It affects
perception (Hallucinations), Thought process (thought derailment), Reality testing
(delusions), Feeling (flat or inappropriate affect), Behavior (social withdrawal), Attention
(inability to concentrate), and motivation (Cannot initiate or persist in goal directed
activities).
Schizophrenia - Answers -Onset is almost always during late adolescence or early
adulthood.
Onset and relapse are almost always related to stress.
Drugs that block dopamine receptors are therapeutic.
Acute phase - Answers -The patient experiences severe psychotic symptoms.
Stabilizing phase - Answers -The patient is getting better.
Stable phase - Answers -In this phase the patient might still experience hallucinations
and delusions, but they are not as severe or disabling as they were during the acute
phase.
Positive (Type 1) Symptoms of Schizophrenia - Answers -Caused by excessive
dopamine in mesolimbic tract.
symptoms: abnormal thoughts, agitation, bizarre behavior, delusions, excitement,
feelings of persecution, grandiosity, hallucinations, hostility, illusions, insomnia, and
suspiciousness.
Negative/Type II symptoms - Answers -Caused by too little dopamine in the
mesocortical tract.
Symptoms: Alogia, Anergia, asocial behavior, attention deficits, avolition, blunted effect,
communication difficulties, difficulty with abstractions, passive social withdrawal, poor
grooming and hygiene, poor rapport, poverty of speech.
-Examples of negative symptoms include flat affect, anergia (lack of energy), anhedonia
(inability to enjoy otherwise pleasurable activities), and thought blocking.
Objective signs of schizophrenia - Answers --Alterations in personal relationships
(Hostility, withdrawal, decreased attention to grooming and social amenities).
-Alterations in activity and behavior: psychomotor agitation, catatonic rigidity(inactive),
Echopraxia(repetitive movements), Stereotypy(repetitive actions or words).
Subjective signs of schizophrenia - Answers --Altered perceptions: Hallucinations,
-Alterations of thought: loose associations
-Altered consciousness: confusion, incoherent speech.
, -Alterations of affect: inappropriate, blunted, or labile affect.
Antipsychotic side effects - Answers -EPSEs effects: Parkinsonism, Akathisia,
Dystonias, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, pisa syndrome.
Anticholinergic effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary hesitation, and
tachycardia.
Tardive dyskinesia caused by hypersensitivity to dopamine.
Delusional Disorder - Answers --Symptoms last for at least a month.
-Patient's have never met the criteria for schizophrenia.
-The behavior of these patients is relatively normal.
-The symptoms are not the direct result of a substance induced or medical condition.
-If hallucinations are present the are not prominent.
Psychotic Disorder - Answers -At least one of the following psychotic disturbances
must be present: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly
disorganized or catatonic behavior.
Early warning signs of schizophrenia - Answers --Deterioration of personal hygiene
-Bizarre behavior
-Irrational statements
-Social withdrawal, isolation, and reclusiveness
-shift in basic personallity
-deterioration in social relationships
-inability to concentrate or to cope with minor problems
-extreme preoccupation with religion or with the occult
-excessive writing without meaning
-Indifferrence
-Dropping out of activities or out of life
-Decline in academic or athletic interests.
Paranoid personality disorder - Answers --The people interpret the actions of others as
personal threats, which result in an increase in anxiety and the need for defensiveness.
-They are unable to laugh at themselves and are often humorless, rigid, and guarded.
-They do not have fixed delusions or hallucinations.
-They are quick to respond with anger or rage if they feel threatened.
schizoid personality disorder - Answers --a personality disorder characterized by a
persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.
-The nurse-patient relationship should focus initially on building trust, followed by the
identification and appropriate verbal expression of feelings.
schizotypal personality disorder - Answers -Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality
disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort
Schizophrenia - Answers -Is characterized by a deteriorating personality. It affects
perception (Hallucinations), Thought process (thought derailment), Reality testing
(delusions), Feeling (flat or inappropriate affect), Behavior (social withdrawal), Attention
(inability to concentrate), and motivation (Cannot initiate or persist in goal directed
activities).
Schizophrenia - Answers -Onset is almost always during late adolescence or early
adulthood.
Onset and relapse are almost always related to stress.
Drugs that block dopamine receptors are therapeutic.
Acute phase - Answers -The patient experiences severe psychotic symptoms.
Stabilizing phase - Answers -The patient is getting better.
Stable phase - Answers -In this phase the patient might still experience hallucinations
and delusions, but they are not as severe or disabling as they were during the acute
phase.
Positive (Type 1) Symptoms of Schizophrenia - Answers -Caused by excessive
dopamine in mesolimbic tract.
symptoms: abnormal thoughts, agitation, bizarre behavior, delusions, excitement,
feelings of persecution, grandiosity, hallucinations, hostility, illusions, insomnia, and
suspiciousness.
Negative/Type II symptoms - Answers -Caused by too little dopamine in the
mesocortical tract.
Symptoms: Alogia, Anergia, asocial behavior, attention deficits, avolition, blunted effect,
communication difficulties, difficulty with abstractions, passive social withdrawal, poor
grooming and hygiene, poor rapport, poverty of speech.
-Examples of negative symptoms include flat affect, anergia (lack of energy), anhedonia
(inability to enjoy otherwise pleasurable activities), and thought blocking.
Objective signs of schizophrenia - Answers --Alterations in personal relationships
(Hostility, withdrawal, decreased attention to grooming and social amenities).
-Alterations in activity and behavior: psychomotor agitation, catatonic rigidity(inactive),
Echopraxia(repetitive movements), Stereotypy(repetitive actions or words).
Subjective signs of schizophrenia - Answers --Altered perceptions: Hallucinations,
-Alterations of thought: loose associations
-Altered consciousness: confusion, incoherent speech.
, -Alterations of affect: inappropriate, blunted, or labile affect.
Antipsychotic side effects - Answers -EPSEs effects: Parkinsonism, Akathisia,
Dystonias, Neuroleptic malignant syndrome, pisa syndrome.
Anticholinergic effects: Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urinary hesitation, and
tachycardia.
Tardive dyskinesia caused by hypersensitivity to dopamine.
Delusional Disorder - Answers --Symptoms last for at least a month.
-Patient's have never met the criteria for schizophrenia.
-The behavior of these patients is relatively normal.
-The symptoms are not the direct result of a substance induced or medical condition.
-If hallucinations are present the are not prominent.
Psychotic Disorder - Answers -At least one of the following psychotic disturbances
must be present: Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or grossly
disorganized or catatonic behavior.
Early warning signs of schizophrenia - Answers --Deterioration of personal hygiene
-Bizarre behavior
-Irrational statements
-Social withdrawal, isolation, and reclusiveness
-shift in basic personallity
-deterioration in social relationships
-inability to concentrate or to cope with minor problems
-extreme preoccupation with religion or with the occult
-excessive writing without meaning
-Indifferrence
-Dropping out of activities or out of life
-Decline in academic or athletic interests.
Paranoid personality disorder - Answers --The people interpret the actions of others as
personal threats, which result in an increase in anxiety and the need for defensiveness.
-They are unable to laugh at themselves and are often humorless, rigid, and guarded.
-They do not have fixed delusions or hallucinations.
-They are quick to respond with anger or rage if they feel threatened.
schizoid personality disorder - Answers --a personality disorder characterized by a
persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.
-The nurse-patient relationship should focus initially on building trust, followed by the
identification and appropriate verbal expression of feelings.
schizotypal personality disorder - Answers -Cluster A (odd or eccentric) personality
disorder involving a pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits featuring acute discomfort
