ONS ONCC CHEMOTHERAPY IMMUNOTHERAPY
CERTIFICATE EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED 2026 2027 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS VERIFIED
AND APPROVED GRADED A+
3 major phases of cell division: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - First growth phase
(G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Non-specific response,
either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
,Adaptive immunity: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Follows innate
immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Variations in the
nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Treatment is
given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer
reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Myeloablative
, Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Drug dose per unit of
time
Define dose intensity - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Amount of drug
delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER - By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to
the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - THE CORRECT ANSWER - By
causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and
causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed
alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - THE CORRECT
ANSWER - Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
CERTIFICATE EXAM 160 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
UPDATED 2026 2027 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS VERIFIED
AND APPROVED GRADED A+
3 major phases of cell division: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Interphase
Mitotic phase
Cytokinesis
3 steps of interphase: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - First growth phase
(G1)
Synthesis phase (S phase)
Second growth phase (G2)
4 phases of mitosis: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Innate immunity: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Non-specific response,
either:
1. Barrier (skin, mucous membranes, flora of skin/gut)
2. Cellular components (phagocytes, natural killer cells, granulocytes,
macrophages)
,Adaptive immunity: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Follows innate
immunity if unsuccessful. Memory immunity, including:
1. Humoral immunity (production of antibodies or immunoglobulins)
2. Cell mediated immunity (dependent upon T cells)
3. Regulatory T -cells (prevent autoimmune reactions and limit inflammatory
responses)
Define mutations - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Variations in the
nucleotide sequence of a gene
3 main goals of treatment: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Cure
Control
Palliation
Define neoadjuvant therapy - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Treatment is
given prior to surgery to shrink the tumor
Define adjuvant therapy - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Additional cancer
treatment given after the primary treatment to lower the risk that the cancer
reoccur
Define conditioning/preparative therapy - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Treatments used to prepare a patient for stem cell transplantation
2 types of conditioning therapies: - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Myeloablative
, Nonmyeloablative
Define dose density - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Drug dose per unit of
time
Define dose intensity - THE CORRECT ANSWER - Amount of drug
delivered over time
How is relative dose intensity (RDI) calculated? - THE CORRECT
ANSWER - By comparing the dose that the patient ACTUALLY received to
the planned dose of the standard regimen
How do alkylating agents work? - THE CORRECT ANSWER - By
causing a break in the DNA helix strand, interfering with DNA replication and
causing cell death
3 subcategories of alkylating agents: - THE CORRECT ANSWER - 1.
Nitrogen mustards
2. Platinum-based agents (do not possess an alkyl group but still termed
alkylating agents as they work similarly)
3. Nitrosoureas
Most common subcategory of alkylating agents: - THE CORRECT
ANSWER - Nitrogen mustards
Common alkylating agents: - THE CORRECT ANSWER -
Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
Ifosfamide (Ifex)
