JBL LEARNING PARAMEDIC
GASTROINTESTINAL AND RENAL
EMERGENCIES CHAPTER 19 | TEST STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
1. Abdominal Cavity ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Contains solid and hollow organs that
make up the GI, genital, and urinary systems.
2. Solid Organs ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Include the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys,
and ovaries (in women).
3. Hollow Organs ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Structures through which materials pass,
such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and bladder.
4. GI System ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The main function of the ______________ is
to absorb the products of digestion to the cells within the body.
5. 8 to 72 HRS ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The entire digestion process takes between
_________ Hours?
6. Peristalsis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that
keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
,7. Portal Vein ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Transports blood from the GI tract to the liver
for processing of nutrients that have been absorbed. Lacks valves and can cause blood to
back up into entire GI system.
8. Hydrochloric Acid ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Fluid the stomach secretes which helps
to break down the food to a form that can be used by the body.
9. Churns ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The stomach does this to help mix food with the
Hydrochloric Acid to achieve a smooth consistency.
10. Duodenum ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Where the GI system begins to absor
resources for use by other cells in the body. First part of the small intestine. Where the
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder connect to the digestive system.
11. Frank Bleeding ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Obvious bleeding.
12. Pancreas ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Solid Organ. Secretes several enzymes into the
duodenum that assist with digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Amylase,
which breaks down starches into sugar, is one enzyme secreted. Also produces
bicarbonate and insulin.
13. Bicarbanate ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓HCO3- Neutralizes the stomach acid in the
duodenum.
14. Insulin ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Helps regulate the levels of glucose in the
bloodstream.
,15. Liver ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Solid Organ. Assists in digestion by secreting bile.
Filters toxic substances produced by digestion, creates glucose stores, and produces
substnaces necessary for clotting and immune function.
16. Bile ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓An enzyme used by the body to help break down
fats.
17. Gall Bladder ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A hollow pouch used for that acts as a
storage bin for digestive juices and waste from the liver.
18. Small Intestine ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Hollow organ. 90% of digestion occurs
here. Produces enzymes that work with the pancreatic enzymes to turn chyme into
substnaces that can be directly absorbded by the capillaries of the small intestine and
thereby move into the bloodstream.
19. Mallory-Weiss Tear ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A tear that occurs in the esophageal
mucosa at the junction of the esophagus and stomach caused by severe retching and
vomiting and results in severe bleeding. Alcoholism and eating disorders are primary risk
factors.
20. Jejunum ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Second part of the small intestine. Hollow
Organ. Comprises a loage amount of the surface area of the small intestine and does
much of the work.
21. Ileum ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The final part of the small intestine. Hollow Organ.
Absorbs nutrients that were not absorbed earlier. Also absorbs bile acids so they can be
returned to the liver for future use and vitamin B12 for makeing nerve cellw and red
blood cells.
, 22. Large Intestine (colon) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Primary role is to complete the
reabsorption of water. Substances not broken down and used as nutrients enter the
colon as wate products, or feces.
23. Spleen ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Located in the abdomen but has no digestive
system function. Solid Organ. Part of the lymphatic system and plays a significant role in
relation to red blood cells the the immune system. Assist in the filtration of blood, aids in
the development of red blood cells, and serves as a blood reservoir. Also produces
antibodies to help the body fight off disease and infection.
24. Epididymis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis
in which sperm mature.
25. Vasa Deferentia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The spermatic duct of the testicles; also
called vas deferens.
26. Seminal Vesicles ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Two small glands that secrete a fluid
rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move.
27. Prostate Gland ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A small gland that surrounds the male
urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the
ejaculatory fluid.
28. Boerhaave Syndrome ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Transmural esophageal rupture
due to violent retching "been heaving syndrome"
29. Esophageal Varices ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Swollen, twisted veins in the
esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage.
GASTROINTESTINAL AND RENAL
EMERGENCIES CHAPTER 19 | TEST STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS ||
100% GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST
VERSION
1. Abdominal Cavity ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Contains solid and hollow organs that
make up the GI, genital, and urinary systems.
2. Solid Organs ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Include the liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys,
and ovaries (in women).
3. Hollow Organs ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Structures through which materials pass,
such as the stomach, small intestines, large intestines, ureters, and bladder.
4. GI System ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The main function of the ______________ is
to absorb the products of digestion to the cells within the body.
5. 8 to 72 HRS ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The entire digestion process takes between
_________ Hours?
6. Peristalsis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that
keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
,7. Portal Vein ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Transports blood from the GI tract to the liver
for processing of nutrients that have been absorbed. Lacks valves and can cause blood to
back up into entire GI system.
8. Hydrochloric Acid ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Fluid the stomach secretes which helps
to break down the food to a form that can be used by the body.
9. Churns ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The stomach does this to help mix food with the
Hydrochloric Acid to achieve a smooth consistency.
10. Duodenum ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Where the GI system begins to absor
resources for use by other cells in the body. First part of the small intestine. Where the
pancreas, liver, and gallbladder connect to the digestive system.
11. Frank Bleeding ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Obvious bleeding.
12. Pancreas ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Solid Organ. Secretes several enzymes into the
duodenum that assist with digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Amylase,
which breaks down starches into sugar, is one enzyme secreted. Also produces
bicarbonate and insulin.
13. Bicarbanate ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓HCO3- Neutralizes the stomach acid in the
duodenum.
14. Insulin ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Helps regulate the levels of glucose in the
bloodstream.
,15. Liver ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Solid Organ. Assists in digestion by secreting bile.
Filters toxic substances produced by digestion, creates glucose stores, and produces
substnaces necessary for clotting and immune function.
16. Bile ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓An enzyme used by the body to help break down
fats.
17. Gall Bladder ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A hollow pouch used for that acts as a
storage bin for digestive juices and waste from the liver.
18. Small Intestine ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Hollow organ. 90% of digestion occurs
here. Produces enzymes that work with the pancreatic enzymes to turn chyme into
substnaces that can be directly absorbded by the capillaries of the small intestine and
thereby move into the bloodstream.
19. Mallory-Weiss Tear ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A tear that occurs in the esophageal
mucosa at the junction of the esophagus and stomach caused by severe retching and
vomiting and results in severe bleeding. Alcoholism and eating disorders are primary risk
factors.
20. Jejunum ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Second part of the small intestine. Hollow
Organ. Comprises a loage amount of the surface area of the small intestine and does
much of the work.
21. Ileum ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The final part of the small intestine. Hollow Organ.
Absorbs nutrients that were not absorbed earlier. Also absorbs bile acids so they can be
returned to the liver for future use and vitamin B12 for makeing nerve cellw and red
blood cells.
, 22. Large Intestine (colon) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Primary role is to complete the
reabsorption of water. Substances not broken down and used as nutrients enter the
colon as wate products, or feces.
23. Spleen ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Located in the abdomen but has no digestive
system function. Solid Organ. Part of the lymphatic system and plays a significant role in
relation to red blood cells the the immune system. Assist in the filtration of blood, aids in
the development of red blood cells, and serves as a blood reservoir. Also produces
antibodies to help the body fight off disease and infection.
24. Epididymis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis
in which sperm mature.
25. Vasa Deferentia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The spermatic duct of the testicles; also
called vas deferens.
26. Seminal Vesicles ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Two small glands that secrete a fluid
rich in sugar that nourishes and helps sperm move.
27. Prostate Gland ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A small gland that surrounds the male
urethra where it emerges from the urinary bladder; it secretes a fluid that is part of the
ejaculatory fluid.
28. Boerhaave Syndrome ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Transmural esophageal rupture
due to violent retching "been heaving syndrome"
29. Esophageal Varices ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Swollen, twisted veins in the
esophagus that are especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage.
