JBL LEARNING PARAMEDIC RESPIRATORY
EMERGENCIES CHAPTER 16 | TEST STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION
1. dysphagia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓difficulty swallowing (consider suctioning if
this causes drooling or gurgling)
2. dysphasia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓difficulty speaking, garbled speech (consider a
NC if you have to apply low concentration of O2)
3. Dyspnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓difficult or labored breathing (look for other
signs of inadequate breathing)
4. rales (crackles) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Fine crackling sounds heard on
auscultation in lower airways (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli;
consider a history of CHF, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema); CPAP
5. Rhonchi ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway noise; rattling noise of mucous in
the lungs (Bronchitis); may have associated productive cough; consider nebulizer
treatment and/or CPAP
6. Wheezing ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓High pitched sound heard in the lungs (lower
airway) with asthmatics or lung disease; consider nebulizer treatment and/or CPAP
,7. stridor ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration
caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx; upper airway; treat the cause
(anaphylaxis-epinephrine, FBAO- relieve object, epiglottitis/croup- O2)
8. snoring ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway
creating a partial obstruction of airflow; usually the tongue falling back due to loss of
muscle tone (unresponsiveness, diabetics, AMS, etc); perform a head-tilt/chin-lift or jaw-
thrust then place an OPA and BVM the patient)
9. gurgling ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway;
place patient in recovery position; need for suctioning immediately
10. apnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓absence of breathing
11. Tachypnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓rapid breathing
12. bradypnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓slow breathing
13. hypopnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓shallow breathing
14. hyperpnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓deep breathing
15. Kussmaul respirations ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Deep, rapid breathing; usually the
result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body;
Diabetic Ketoacidosis; may have fruity odor to breath
,16. Cheyne-Stokes respiration ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓pattern of breathing
characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level,
followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea; common in head injuries or ICP
17. Biot's respirations ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓varying depth and rate of breathing,
followed by periods of apnea; irregular; common in head injuries or ICP
18. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A group of
chronic lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. Remember that
there are subtypes of COPD including chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic
pneumonia, emphysema, and CHF.
19. Asthma ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A chronic allergic disorder characterized by
episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. May also be caused by
exertion, inhalation of gases, or respiratory illnesses. Treat the patient with O2 and an
Albuterol nebulizer treatment.
20. bronchitis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway; Inflammation of the bronchi
with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion; patients may have
a productive cough; may or may not have a fever; hx of smoking (common cause);
rhonchi; also known as Blue Bloaters; treat with O2 and an albuterol/atrovent nebulizer;
consider CPAP
21. congestive heart failure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway emergency; A
condition resulting from the heart's inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it;
left-sided heart failure causes rales, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, orthopnea; right-sided
heart failure causes JVD and pedal edema; watch for the patient to deteriorate into
cardiogenic shock (BP will drop); consider CPAP if patient meets all indications
, 22. pneumonia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway; An inflammation of lung tissue
where the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid; rales; may or may not have fever; may
be unilateral; consider O2 and CPAP
23. pneumothorax ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Collapsed lung; air in the pleural cavity
caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall; typically unilateral; diminished or absent
lung sounds; rapid transport; NO CPAP
24. tension pneumothorax ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A life-threatening collection of air
within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collapsed the involved lung
and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side (maybe see tracheal
deviation); rapid transport; NO CPAP
25. open pneumothorax (sucking chest wound) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓An open or
penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and
expiration, creating a sucking sound and bubbling. Cover with a gloved hand then place
an occlusive over the hole (3 sides). NO CPAP
26. Emphysema ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway emergency; a condition in
which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
Permanent destruction and collapse of the alveoli. Patients thrive off the "hypoxic
drive". Low O2 levels. Typically on home O2. Tripod position. May look malnourished
due to increased metabolism (from increased work of breathing). Sometimes referred to
as "pink puffers" from pursed lip breathing.
27. Epiglottitis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A disease in which the epiglottis becomes
inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction (stridor, drooling,
fever); Rapid transport; do not put anything in their mouth
28. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Infection of the upper
airways in children characterized by a barking cough (stridor, fever)
EMERGENCIES CHAPTER 16 | TEST STUDY
GUIDE 2026/2027 COMPLETE QUESTIONS
WITH VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS || 100%
GUARANTEED PASS NEWEST VERSION
1. dysphagia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓difficulty swallowing (consider suctioning if
this causes drooling or gurgling)
2. dysphasia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓difficulty speaking, garbled speech (consider a
NC if you have to apply low concentration of O2)
3. Dyspnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓difficult or labored breathing (look for other
signs of inadequate breathing)
4. rales (crackles) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Fine crackling sounds heard on
auscultation in lower airways (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli;
consider a history of CHF, pneumonia, or pulmonary edema); CPAP
5. Rhonchi ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway noise; rattling noise of mucous in
the lungs (Bronchitis); may have associated productive cough; consider nebulizer
treatment and/or CPAP
6. Wheezing ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓High pitched sound heard in the lungs (lower
airway) with asthmatics or lung disease; consider nebulizer treatment and/or CPAP
,7. stridor ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration
caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx; upper airway; treat the cause
(anaphylaxis-epinephrine, FBAO- relieve object, epiglottitis/croup- O2)
8. snoring ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓The sound of the soft tissue of the upper airway
creating a partial obstruction of airflow; usually the tongue falling back due to loss of
muscle tone (unresponsiveness, diabetics, AMS, etc); perform a head-tilt/chin-lift or jaw-
thrust then place an OPA and BVM the patient)
9. gurgling ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Indicates presence of fluid in the upper airway;
place patient in recovery position; need for suctioning immediately
10. apnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓absence of breathing
11. Tachypnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓rapid breathing
12. bradypnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓slow breathing
13. hypopnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓shallow breathing
14. hyperpnea ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓deep breathing
15. Kussmaul respirations ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Deep, rapid breathing; usually the
result of an accumulation of certain acids when insulin is not available in the body;
Diabetic Ketoacidosis; may have fruity odor to breath
,16. Cheyne-Stokes respiration ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓pattern of breathing
characterized by a gradual increase of depth and sometimes rate to a maximum level,
followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea; common in head injuries or ICP
17. Biot's respirations ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓varying depth and rate of breathing,
followed by periods of apnea; irregular; common in head injuries or ICP
18. COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A group of
chronic lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. Remember that
there are subtypes of COPD including chronic asthma, chronic bronchitis, chronic
pneumonia, emphysema, and CHF.
19. Asthma ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A chronic allergic disorder characterized by
episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing. May also be caused by
exertion, inhalation of gases, or respiratory illnesses. Treat the patient with O2 and an
Albuterol nebulizer treatment.
20. bronchitis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway; Inflammation of the bronchi
with partial obstruction of bronchi due to excessive mucus secretion; patients may have
a productive cough; may or may not have a fever; hx of smoking (common cause);
rhonchi; also known as Blue Bloaters; treat with O2 and an albuterol/atrovent nebulizer;
consider CPAP
21. congestive heart failure ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway emergency; A
condition resulting from the heart's inability to pump out all the blood that returns to it;
left-sided heart failure causes rales, pulmonary edema, dyspnea, orthopnea; right-sided
heart failure causes JVD and pedal edema; watch for the patient to deteriorate into
cardiogenic shock (BP will drop); consider CPAP if patient meets all indications
, 22. pneumonia ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway; An inflammation of lung tissue
where the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid; rales; may or may not have fever; may
be unilateral; consider O2 and CPAP
23. pneumothorax ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Collapsed lung; air in the pleural cavity
caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall; typically unilateral; diminished or absent
lung sounds; rapid transport; NO CPAP
24. tension pneumothorax ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A life-threatening collection of air
within the pleural space; the volume and pressure have both collapsed the involved lung
and caused a shift of the mediastinal structures to the opposite side (maybe see tracheal
deviation); rapid transport; NO CPAP
25. open pneumothorax (sucking chest wound) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓An open or
penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and
expiration, creating a sucking sound and bubbling. Cover with a gloved hand then place
an occlusive over the hole (3 sides). NO CPAP
26. Emphysema ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Lower airway emergency; a condition in
which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
Permanent destruction and collapse of the alveoli. Patients thrive off the "hypoxic
drive". Low O2 levels. Typically on home O2. Tripod position. May look malnourished
due to increased metabolism (from increased work of breathing). Sometimes referred to
as "pink puffers" from pursed lip breathing.
27. Epiglottitis ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓A disease in which the epiglottis becomes
inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction (stridor, drooling,
fever); Rapid transport; do not put anything in their mouth
28. Croup (laryngotracheobronchitis) ------- ✔ CORRECT ANSWER ✓✓Infection of the upper
airways in children characterized by a barking cough (stridor, fever)
