FOUNDATIONS OF MATERNAL NEWBORN AND
WOMENS HEALTH CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION SET 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION
EXPERT CHECKED
◉ Functions of the Placenta Answer: 1. Gas Exchange
2. Protection from Transfer of Harmful Products
3. Passage of Immunity
4. Nutrition
5. Excretion of Fetal Waste
6. Production of E/P/hCg
◉ Placenta Transfer Depends On: Answer: 1. Co2/O2 concentration
2. area of exchange
3. barrier permeability
4. size/solubility
◉ Maternal Side of Placenta Answer: - decidua (where placenta
attaches to endometrium)
- O2 blood to decidua then intervillous space (IVS)
- deoxygenated blood leaves IVS and enter endometrial veins
,◉ Fetal Side of Placenta Answer: - O2 blood from mom enters
chorionic villus (CV)
- veins in CV join to form single umbilical vein (UV) leading to the
fetus
- deoxygenated blood leaves the fetus via two umbilical arteries (UA)
◉ Oxygen Environment of mom and fetus Answer: MOM: (acidic)
- increased O2
- decreased CO2
FETUS: (alkaline)
- Decreased O2
- Increased CO2
- fetal hemeglobin carries 20-50% more O2
◉ Membranes of Pregnancy:
Amnion Answer: inner membrane, surrounds surface of umbilical
cord (UC) and joins with epithelium of abdominal skin of fetus
◉ Membranes of Pregnancy:
, Chorion Answer: outer membrane, covers fetal side of placenta
◉ Purpose of Amniotic Fluid Answer: - umbilical cord floats freely
- protects and cushions, constant temp, allows for development/
movement, allows for symmetric development and prevents
membrane from attaching to fetal parts
◉ Amniotic Fluid Volume:
Normal -
Too Little -
Too Much - Answer: - 700 - 800 mL
- oligohydramnios
- polyhydramnios
◉ Fetal Circulatory Circuit:
Ductus Venosus Answer: - @ liver, 1/3 of blood from placenta
directed away and to (inferior vena cava) IVC
-Rest of the blood goes to liver/portal system then IVC
-IVC: blood from lower part of body and DV
-Don't mix = in separate streams
-Head to heart where we cross atria through FO (foramen ovale)
WOMENS HEALTH CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION SET 2026 PRACTICE SOLUTION
EXPERT CHECKED
◉ Functions of the Placenta Answer: 1. Gas Exchange
2. Protection from Transfer of Harmful Products
3. Passage of Immunity
4. Nutrition
5. Excretion of Fetal Waste
6. Production of E/P/hCg
◉ Placenta Transfer Depends On: Answer: 1. Co2/O2 concentration
2. area of exchange
3. barrier permeability
4. size/solubility
◉ Maternal Side of Placenta Answer: - decidua (where placenta
attaches to endometrium)
- O2 blood to decidua then intervillous space (IVS)
- deoxygenated blood leaves IVS and enter endometrial veins
,◉ Fetal Side of Placenta Answer: - O2 blood from mom enters
chorionic villus (CV)
- veins in CV join to form single umbilical vein (UV) leading to the
fetus
- deoxygenated blood leaves the fetus via two umbilical arteries (UA)
◉ Oxygen Environment of mom and fetus Answer: MOM: (acidic)
- increased O2
- decreased CO2
FETUS: (alkaline)
- Decreased O2
- Increased CO2
- fetal hemeglobin carries 20-50% more O2
◉ Membranes of Pregnancy:
Amnion Answer: inner membrane, surrounds surface of umbilical
cord (UC) and joins with epithelium of abdominal skin of fetus
◉ Membranes of Pregnancy:
, Chorion Answer: outer membrane, covers fetal side of placenta
◉ Purpose of Amniotic Fluid Answer: - umbilical cord floats freely
- protects and cushions, constant temp, allows for development/
movement, allows for symmetric development and prevents
membrane from attaching to fetal parts
◉ Amniotic Fluid Volume:
Normal -
Too Little -
Too Much - Answer: - 700 - 800 mL
- oligohydramnios
- polyhydramnios
◉ Fetal Circulatory Circuit:
Ductus Venosus Answer: - @ liver, 1/3 of blood from placenta
directed away and to (inferior vena cava) IVC
-Rest of the blood goes to liver/portal system then IVC
-IVC: blood from lower part of body and DV
-Don't mix = in separate streams
-Head to heart where we cross atria through FO (foramen ovale)
