NUR 145 Module D Questions With Complete Solutions
age related complications for hip fractures Correct Answers -
delayed healing
-decreased muscle elactisity
-decreased fluid intake (dehydration)
-delirium
arthrocentesis Correct Answers -aspiration of synovial fluid
synovial fluid is milky and cloudy in RA
biologic DMARDS: what do they do Correct Answers -targets a
cell within the immune system
-USED ONLY IF NON BIOLGIC DMARDS DONT WORK
-increase risk of infections
-may be used with other meds
causes of low back pain Correct Answers -aggravated by
activity
-aging patient
-acute vs. chronic
=acute <3 mo
=chronic >6 mo
causes of osteomyelitis Correct Answers -bloodborn spread of
infection
-contamination of tissue from bone surgery, open fracture,
traumatic injury
-vascular insufficiency (deep skin ulceration)
,comminuted fracture Correct Answers a fracture in which bone
has splintered into fragments
complications of casts Correct Answers -burns
-skin breakdown
-drying time
complications of fractures Correct Answers early:
-SHOCK
-fat embolism
-compartment syndrome
later:
-delayed union
-avascular necrosis
-osteomyelitis
complications of fractures: AVASCULAR NECROSIS Correct
Answers bone death from loss of blood supply
s/sx:
-pain w/ movement
-pain at rest
NSAIDS, exercises, limit weight bearing, total joint replacement
complications of fractures: COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Correct Answers increased pressure w/in a confined space
s/sx:
-6 Ps
,-poikilothermia (skin takes on temp on environment)
-unrelenting pain
maintain limb alignment, elevate limb, ice, assess neurovascular
checks
complications of fractures: DELAYED UNION/NON UNION
Correct Answers healing does not occur within expected time
frame for location/type of fracture/failure of ends of fractured
bone to unite
s/sx:
-pulling apart of bone fragments
-local/systemic infection
-poor nutrition
-comorbidities
-persistent discomfort
-abnormal movement
internal/external fixation, delayed bone graft, electrical bone
stimulation, ultrasound
complications of fractures: FAT EMBOLISM Correct Answers
fat globules that diffuse from marrow into vascular compartment
s/sx:
-increased HR/pain/redness/SOB/confusion
-decreased o2
-HYPOXIA, NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS, PETICIAL
RASH ON CHEST
, -tachycardia
-crackles in lungs
o2 therapy, surgery, corticosteroids, F&E balance
complications of fractures: SHOCK Correct Answers results
from hemorrhage
s/sx:
-increased HR/RR
-decreased BP
-cool, clammy skin
-pallor
stabilize to prevent further hemorrhage, restore blood volume,
circulation, pain relief
continuous passive motion (CPM) Correct Answers -promote
ROM, circulation and healing
-prevent scar tissue formation
describe an open/compound fracture Correct Answers a fracture
in which damage also involves breaking through the skin
DO NOT: positions Correct Answers -stand w/ toes turned in
-bend way over
-cross legs
-pull blankets up by stretching
-don't lie w/out pillow between legs
-dont sit low on toilet or chair
age related complications for hip fractures Correct Answers -
delayed healing
-decreased muscle elactisity
-decreased fluid intake (dehydration)
-delirium
arthrocentesis Correct Answers -aspiration of synovial fluid
synovial fluid is milky and cloudy in RA
biologic DMARDS: what do they do Correct Answers -targets a
cell within the immune system
-USED ONLY IF NON BIOLGIC DMARDS DONT WORK
-increase risk of infections
-may be used with other meds
causes of low back pain Correct Answers -aggravated by
activity
-aging patient
-acute vs. chronic
=acute <3 mo
=chronic >6 mo
causes of osteomyelitis Correct Answers -bloodborn spread of
infection
-contamination of tissue from bone surgery, open fracture,
traumatic injury
-vascular insufficiency (deep skin ulceration)
,comminuted fracture Correct Answers a fracture in which bone
has splintered into fragments
complications of casts Correct Answers -burns
-skin breakdown
-drying time
complications of fractures Correct Answers early:
-SHOCK
-fat embolism
-compartment syndrome
later:
-delayed union
-avascular necrosis
-osteomyelitis
complications of fractures: AVASCULAR NECROSIS Correct
Answers bone death from loss of blood supply
s/sx:
-pain w/ movement
-pain at rest
NSAIDS, exercises, limit weight bearing, total joint replacement
complications of fractures: COMPARTMENT SYNDROME
Correct Answers increased pressure w/in a confined space
s/sx:
-6 Ps
,-poikilothermia (skin takes on temp on environment)
-unrelenting pain
maintain limb alignment, elevate limb, ice, assess neurovascular
checks
complications of fractures: DELAYED UNION/NON UNION
Correct Answers healing does not occur within expected time
frame for location/type of fracture/failure of ends of fractured
bone to unite
s/sx:
-pulling apart of bone fragments
-local/systemic infection
-poor nutrition
-comorbidities
-persistent discomfort
-abnormal movement
internal/external fixation, delayed bone graft, electrical bone
stimulation, ultrasound
complications of fractures: FAT EMBOLISM Correct Answers
fat globules that diffuse from marrow into vascular compartment
s/sx:
-increased HR/pain/redness/SOB/confusion
-decreased o2
-HYPOXIA, NEUROLOGIC MANIFESTATIONS, PETICIAL
RASH ON CHEST
, -tachycardia
-crackles in lungs
o2 therapy, surgery, corticosteroids, F&E balance
complications of fractures: SHOCK Correct Answers results
from hemorrhage
s/sx:
-increased HR/RR
-decreased BP
-cool, clammy skin
-pallor
stabilize to prevent further hemorrhage, restore blood volume,
circulation, pain relief
continuous passive motion (CPM) Correct Answers -promote
ROM, circulation and healing
-prevent scar tissue formation
describe an open/compound fracture Correct Answers a fracture
in which damage also involves breaking through the skin
DO NOT: positions Correct Answers -stand w/ toes turned in
-bend way over
-cross legs
-pull blankets up by stretching
-don't lie w/out pillow between legs
-dont sit low on toilet or chair
